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First 2 years Biosocial Development

First 2 years Biosocial Development. What is Biosocial Development?. Body Brain Senses Good health. How does the body change in the first 2 years?. 2 year old. 1 year old. How much does the child grow?. 2X birth weight by 4 months 3X birth weight by age 1

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First 2 years Biosocial Development

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  1. First 2 years Biosocial Development

  2. What is Biosocial Development? • Body • Brain • Senses • Good health

  3. How does the body change in the first 2 years? 2 year old 1 year old

  4. How much does the child grow? • 2X birth weight by 4 months • 3X birth weight by age 1 • 4X birth weight by age 2

  5. What is Head sparing? • If starving, the body stops growing, but not the brain • The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition Intrauterine Growth Restriction

  6. Sleep • Good sleep = good health • Newborns sleep 15 – 17 hours • REM sleep • Rapid eye movement • Flickering of closed eyes • Rapid brain waves • Dreaming • ½ of newborn sleep is REM sleep • Declines with age

  7. Do you remember? • How much does a child grow by age two? • What is head sparing? • What is REM sleep? • How does REM sleep relate to dreaming and age?

  8. Brain development

  9. What are Neurons? • Basic nerve cell in central nervous system • Axons • Dendrites • Synapses • Intersection on neurons (axons & dendrites) • Neurotransmitters • Chemical messengers • Carry information from one neuron to another • Transient Exuberance & Pruning • Transient Exuberance – Increases dendrites • Pruning – Misconnected dendrites atrophy and die

  10. Brain structure

  11. What does the brain stem do? • Automatic responses • Heartbeat • Breathing • Temperature

  12. What does the brain cortex do? • Outer layer of the brain • Activities • Thinking • Feeling • Sensing • Visual • Auditory • Sensory • Motor

  13. What does the prefrontal cortex do? • Last to develop • Self-control of impulses • Reasoning • Analysis • Ethics • Plans • Anticipates

  14. Do you remember? • What are neurons? • What are synapses? • What do neurotransmitters do? • What does the brain stem do? • What does the brain cortex do? • What does the prefrontal cortex do?

  15. Experience • Expectant Experience • All infants • The brain naturally expects to learn some things • E.g. learning language • Dependent Experience • Culture based • E.g. Which language is learned

  16. What is Shaken baby syndrome? • Life threatening • Blood vessels rupture in the brain • Neural connections beak • “Abusive Head Trauma”

  17. Sensory & Motor Skills

  18. Sensation-Perception-Cognition • Sensation • Detects stimulus • Perception • Processes the stimulus • Based on experience • This is a rattlesnake • Cognition (Thinking) • Gives meaning to the stimulus • Dangerous! – move away

  19. What Motor skills develop? • Gross motor skills • Large muscles • E.g. walking • Muscle strength • Brain maturation (Motor cortex) • Practice • Fine motor skills • Small muscles • E.g writing

  20. Do you remember? • What is expectant and dependent experience? • What is the “shaken baby syndrome”? • What is the difference between sensation, perception, and cognition? • What are examples of gross and fine motor skills?

  21. Vision • Least developed at birth

  22. What creates Good Health?

  23. Immunization (Vaccinations) • Creates antibodies for specific contagious diseases by stimulating the immune system. • The flu • Chicken pox • Polio • DPT • Diphtheria • Tetanus • Pertussis • MMR • Mumps • Measles • Rubella • Risk of disease is much greater than risk from immunization

  24. Breast feeding • Breast is best • Colostrum • High calorie fluid – first 3 days • Milk • Rich in iron & vitamins • Provides antibodies (if mother has antibodies) • Decreases risk of allergies, asthma, and stomach aches • Decreases risk of obesity and heart disease in adulthood (many other factors involved)

  25. Do you remember? • What is the least developed sense at birth? • What are some of the basic immunizations a child should receive? • How do the risks from disease relate to the risks from immunization? • What is the difference between colostrum and milk?

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