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06-First 2 years Cognitive Development

06-First 2 years Cognitive Development. Sensorimotor Intelligence. Learned through the senses Circular reaction Sensation – perception – cognition cycle around and around. Primary circular reaction. Stage 1 ( Reflexes ) Birth – 1yr. Responding to own body Grasping

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06-First 2 years Cognitive Development

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  1. 06-First 2 years Cognitive Development

  2. Sensorimotor Intelligence • Learned through the senses • Circular reaction • Sensation – perception – cognition cycle around and around

  3. Primary circular reaction • Stage 1 ( Reflexes) • Birth – 1yr. • Responding to own body • Grasping • Sucking • Stepping • Stage 2 (Habits) • 1 – 4 Months • Adapting reflexes to new situations • (Acquired adaptation) • E.g. Sucking from mom’s nipple to bottle to pacifier • A sign baby is thinking

  4. Secondary circular reaction • Responding to other people & objects • Stage 3 (Continuing interaction) • 4 – 8 months • Making interesting sights last • Stage 4 ( Starting interaction) • 8 mos. – 1yr. • Infant has goals • Initiates and anticipates • Initiates • E.g. Patty-cake • Anticipates • E.g. Running from an unwanted bath • Object permanence

  5. Tertiary circular reaction • Stage 5 (Acts independently - Experimenting) • 1 yr. - 18 mos. • Active experimenting • “Little scientist” • Stage 6 (Thought before action) • 18 mos. – 2yrs. • Thinks about consequences • Deferred imitation

  6. Information Processing

  7. Affordance ( opportunities) • Opportunities to interact with people and things • Visual Cliff • Based on experience • 6 month will go over cliff • 10 Month will refuse

  8. Perception • Movement • Dynamic Perception • People preference • Preference for looking at faces

  9. Memory • Implicit • Hidden • Unconscious habits, emotions procedures • Early language, smells, places • Explicit • Stored in the hippocampus • Usually verbal • Recalled on demand • Words, data, concepts • Reminders help

  10. Language

  11. Universal sequence • Reflexes, cooing, babbling, spoken words • All babies, regardless of native language follow this sequence • Listening & Responding • Babbling • E.g. ma-ma-ma, da-da-da • Holophrase • One word = phrase • E.g. Cookie, Dada! • Naming explosion • 1 yr. to 18 months • Nouns • Ma-ma, da-da, na-na • Elimination • Pee-pee, wee-wee, poo-poo

  12. Theories of Language • 1. Learning theory • 2. Social Pragmatic • 3. Innate • 4. Hybrid

  13. 1. Learning theory • Based on B.F. Skinner • Reinforcement • E.g. Parents talking to children • Children learn what they hear

  14. 2. Social Pragmatic • Needed for communication • Parents • Outside world

  15. 3. Innate • Norm Chomsky • Children have an inborn ability to learn language • E.g. Grammar • Hypothesized a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in the brain. • Enables universal inborn ability to learn language • Language in general is experience-expectant • Words are expected by the developing brain • Specific language is experience-dependent

  16. 4. Hybrid • Combination of the other three • Multiple cues contribute to learning language

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