TEACHER NOTES

1. TEACHER NOTES • This PPT was revised June 6, 2006. • This PPT is to be used as an Introduction to Cells in Semester 1 in the Energy Conversion Unit. This same (or similar) ppt is also to be used to review cells at the beginning of the Kingdoms Unit. • There is a TEKS handout to accompany this PPT. It may be used for regular if desired. • The last slide starts an optional assignment that has students make cell drawings and then add to the diagram unit by unit.

2. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS Pages 169 – 183 in Textbook

3. Janet Plowe, 1931 Rudolph Virchow, 1855 Theodor Schwann, 1839 Matthias Schleiden, 1838 Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674 Robert Hooke, 1665 History of the Cell

4. Robert Hookenaturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect....(July 18,1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right). He was the first person to use the term “cells”.

5. Anton vanLeeuwenhoek1632-1723 In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.

6. Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden all plants are made of cells Theodore Schwann all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow all cells came from pre-existing cells Cell Theory

7. Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855) • Cell Theory • all living things are made up of cells • cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism • new cells are produced from existing cells

8. Cell Specialization Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall Red Blood Cells Muscle Cells Stomata

9. The Levels of Organization Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping. cell tissue organ organ system organism

10. Levels of Organization • What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells? Organ system Different organs function together Nervous System Organ Different tissues function together Brain Tissues Similar cells function together Nervous Tissue Cells Cells can perform special jobs Neuron

11. PROKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms Cell Types

12. Cell Type: Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Bacteria cells Typical bacteria cell

13. Cell Types: Eukaryotes • Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

14. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Different Types of Cells no nucleus nucleus no nucleus nucleus small ribosomes larger ribosomes larger ribosomes small ribosomes no organelles organelles no organelles organelles very small 1-10m small 2-1000m very small small protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria

15. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes nuclear material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm What Are the Parts of Cells

16. Parts of Cells cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA) cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc ribosomes: manufacture proteins mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here) chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here) cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)

17. The Cell cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)

18. Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosome Cell Wall Cell Organelles

19. Cell Drawing Assignment • Turn to page 175 in the textbook. • Draw the outer shape of both the animal and plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher • For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell • Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)

20. Works Cited • Red Blood Cells, Online Image June 5, 2006, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, http://www.cc.nih.gov/dtm/dtm_whole_blood.htm • Stomata Online Image, June 5, 2006, Energy Biosciences Program http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caoscillate.html • Skeletal Muscle Cell Online Image, June 5, 2006, Medline Plus, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19495.htm • Bacteria Cells Online Image, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/meaning_of_life.htm

21. Works Cited • Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Online Images, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/domains.htm • Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District