100 Y ears War

1. 100 Years War

2. TSWBAT list and describe the events leading up to the decline of Feudalism; explain the causes of the 100 years war; define Joan of Arc Date: Wednesday March 26 Warm up: Answer these two questions on your worksheet: 1. What are two big events that are happening in the middle Ages? 2. What is the Feudal System? Activity: PPT of the end of the Middle Ages; Joan of Arc reading and questions

3. The End of Feudalism • Build on What You Know : • The Crusades began the decline of feudalism in Europe. • You learned about a series of crises—including the plague—that further weakened feudalism in Europe. • Before the end of the century, the plague had killed tens of millions of people in Europe, North Africa, and western Asia. In Europe, about one-third of the total population was killed.

4. The Effects of the Black Death • The plague that struck western Eurasia in the mid-1300s is called bubonic plague. • Its victims experienced severe chills, fever, convulsions, and vomiting. • Victims also developed dark spots on their skin and swollen glands. • A person infected with the bubonic plague was usually dead within a few days. • The plague of the 1300s became known as the Black Death.

5. Reaction to the Plague • Christians and Muslims reacted differently to the plague. • Christians often saw the plague as a punishment for sin. • By comparison, Muslims saw the plague as testing their faith in God. • Regardless of their faith, the plague had killed 20 to 30 million people by 1400.

6. The Decline of the Feudal Social System • European workers were so scarce that those able to work could demand higher pay for their labor. • The shortage of labor and higher wages weakened feudalism because workers began to migrate in search of higher wages. • In Europe, the hostility toward Jews that developed during the Crusades continued during the bubonic plague. • Jews were often accused of causing the plague by poisoning water wells.

7. TSWBATexplain the importance and history of Joan of Arc through reading a NYTIMES article; explain the decline of the Middle Ages and the beginning of a new era (Renaissance); brainstorm ideas Date: Thursday March 27 Warm up: Answer this question- historically, what motivates most wars? Activity: PPT and the End of the Middle Ages and the 100 years War… what happens next?

8. Philip VI of FrancevsEdward III of England

9. The Beginning of the 100 Years War • In the 1300s, England and France faced not only the plague but frequent warfare as well. • Between 1337 and 1453, England and France fought each other in the Hundred Years’ War. • It was actually a series of wars—not one continuous battle.

10. Background for the War- where it began! • William, Duke of Normandy, was from the Norman region of France. • He claimed to be the rightful king of England. In 1066, William captured England in what is called the Norman invasion. • He became known as William the Conqueror and tied the nobility of France with the nobility of England. • Over the years, tensions grew over who had the right to rule either region.

11. Years of Battle: 100 years war • Those tensions reached a crisis point in the early 1300s: 1. England claimed territory in the southwest of France. 2. France was supporting Scotland’s fight against England. 3. There was also debate about rights to sea travel in the English Channel.

12. The Beginning • Fighting began when the king of France tried to take the territory claimed by England in southern France. • The English king responded by claiming that he was the rightful king of France. • In 1337, England attacked France.

13. The 100 Years War • The English had several victories however, in 1428, the English attacked Orleans, one of France’s last major strongholds. • A French peasant girl known as Joan of Arc led the French to victory. • By 1453, the French had driven the English from France and ended the war.

14. Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431) • Joan of Arc was born a peasant in France, around 1412. • She was a devoted Catholic and when she was about 13, she believed that religious visions were urging her to fight the English during the Hundred Years’ War. • In 1429, she went to Charles, the French heir to the throne and convinced him that her visions were divine. • Charles made her a knight.

15. Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431) • In May 1429, Joan led the French to victory in the battle against the English at Orleans. • A year after the victory at Orleans, Joan was captured by allies of England. • She was eventually executed in 1431. • She became a national heroine in France and was declared a saint by the Catholic Church in 1920.

16. WHY DO YOU THINK JOAN OF ARC IS NOW RENOWNED AS A HEROINE?

17. Joan of Arc • Read the news paper article on Joan of Arc and answer the following questions

18. TSWBAT describe Joan of Arc through reading a news paper article; summarize their opinions; explain the reasons for a move to re-birth and why it was necessary Date: Friday March 28 Warm up: review answers and discuss Joan of Arc reading Activity: End of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance period

19. New Weapons • New weapons changed warfare in Europe and around the world: • A longbow shot arrows that could penetrate a knight’s armor. • Europeans also took advantage of new gunpowder weapons. • Gunpowder technology came from China, but Europeans developed the technology into a major instrument of war. • The longbow and gunpowder weapons could easily defeat knights. • Over the next 300 years, the development of gunpowder weapons would greatly change the intensity and organization of warfare.

20. New Weapons

21. What weaponry advancements have we had present day? • How have these weapons changed what we know as warfare?

22. The End of the Middle Ages • For centuries, many European societies followed the feudal structure. • Due to the Plague, the Crusades, and the 100 Years War, European feudalism broke down and signaled the end of the Middle Ages.

23. Social and Political Changes • Social and Political Structures European trade and towns grew throughout the Middle Ages. • People kept moving from the country to towns seeking their fortune. • Towns required stability to make business and trade more reliable. • Stronger monarchies could provide that stability. • As a result, towns increasingly became centers of support for monarchies, and monarchies in turn expanded their power.

24. Social and Political Changes • Monarchies gained even more strength after the Hundred Years’ War. • For example, the French monarchy no longer had to worry about an English claim to their throne. • The French Monarchy would eventually become the best example of an absolute monarchy under King Louis XIV (1643–1715). • With guidance from skilled councilors, Louis would make France the most powerful nation in Europe.

26. New Ideas • For many historians, the end of the Middle Ages began with the development of large nations that had powerful central governments run by kings. • As the Middle Ages came to an end, scholars continued the study of classical texts • New ideas about learning, science, and art developed in Italian cities. • The new ideas spread along European trade routes. • This new era is called the Renaissance

27. What does the word RenaissanceMEAN? • Brainstorm what you can foresee this new era bringing:

28. TSWBAT brainstorm about what the word renaissance means; write a journal entry to explain experiences of the black death; analyze a video; describe the geographical location of Italy in the expansion of the renaissance Date: MondayMarch 31 Warm up: Turn in your REACTION PAPER and DISCUSSION/EVALUATION WORKSHEET! See next slide Activity: Renaissance review and discussions

29. Warm up! • Write a diary entry for the time period by answering the following prompt: "Imagine that you have live in Florence, Italy immediately following the Black Death.  You have survived, but many around you have not.  Describe your environment.  How do you feel?“ • After completion, students will be asked to share their response with their neighbor • After the small group discussion, three volunteers will be asked to share with the class

30. THINK: use your notes from last week! • why did the Renaissance occur? 2. What new ideasandinterests drove the new way of thinking in Italy, and eventually the rest of Europe?

31. trade route map • Why was Rome so successful? • Geographical location • We will examine a trade route map and answer corresponding questions.  • This will allow us to understand the geographical advantages of Italy that helped assist the spur of the Italian Renaissance. 

32. Complete Trade Map • Where is Venice? • Mediterranean Sea? • Locate Constantinople and Alexandria on your map • Identify population sizes for question 4. • Complete the following questions on your own!

33. TSWBAT explain the geographical reasons of the spread of the Renaissance and the reasons Italy was the base; analyze a primary source to explain the importance of the Medici Family Date: TuesdayApril 1 Warm up: trade map questions discussed! Video on the beginning of the Renaissance Activity: analyze a primary source; discussion; closure

34. Complete Trade Map • Where is Venice? • Mediterranean Sea? • Locate Constantinople and Alexandria on your map • Identify population sizes for question 4. • Complete the following questions on your own!

35. Video 1: Da Vinci's World Part 1 • Answer questions on your worksheet!

36. Lorenzo de Medici: background info • He was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets • He is best known for his contribution to the art world, giving large amounts of money to artists so they could create master works of art. • His life coincided with the high point of the mature phase Italian Renaissance and his death coincided with the end of the Golden Age of Florence

37. Lorenzo de Medici • We will be broken into groups of four to examine a letter by Lorenzo de Medici.   • You have guided questions to assist in analyzing the Primary Source.  • We will be discussing these answers and turning them in for points

38. Closing Card • At the bottom of your Medici answer sheet: Write a ONE PARAGRAPH (5 complete and grammatically correct sentences) response to this question on a sheet of scratch paper: "How did Lorenzo de Medici's family values and personal interests shape the origins of the Renaissance?"

39. TSWBAT brainstorm ideas behind art: technique, how you learn this, what is the point of art?; describe renaissance art and artists; describe pieces of renaissance art according to what they learned Date: WednesdayApril 2 Warm up: Answer these questions– WHO takes art class? What do you learn in art class?What techniques? Why do you take art? What is important about it? Is it fun? Activity: Renaissance artists and characteristics introduced

40. Vocabulary • Renaissance-The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome. • Humanism-an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. • Secular-denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis

41. Characteristics of Renaissance Art • Individualism- showed individual people instead of groups • Classicism- classic Roman and Greek influence • Nature- depicted the outdoors • Anatomy- focused on defined and precise human anatomy

42. Characteristics of Renaissance Art • linear perspective- the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer • Realism-artistic representation that aims for visual accuracy • Depth- used light and shading to create this • blue background- created depth • Symmetry- balanced proportions

43. Symmetry, light and shadow, religious

44. Artists of the Renaissance • Baldassare Castiglione • Italiancourtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissanceauthor • HisBook of the Courtier caught the "spirit of the times“ • Castiglione's depicted how the ideal gentleman should be educated and behave • the touchstone of behavior for all the upper classes of Europe for the next five centuries.

45. Artists of the Renaissance • NiccoloMachiavelli • Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance.  • He was a founder of modern political science, and more specifically political ethics

46. Artists of the Renaissance • Leonardo da Vinci • was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. • Painted the Mona Lisa • Known as the epitome of a Renaissance man

47. Artists of the Renaissance • Michelangelo Buonarroti • was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art • held to be one of the greatest artists of all time • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

48. Artists of the Renaissance • Raphael • Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. • His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the ideal of human grandeur. • Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period

49. Artists of the Renaissance • Sandro Botticelli • Italian Renaissance painter • His works represent the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting. • Among his best known works are The Birth of Venus and Primavera

50. Vitruvian Man: Why is this considered Renaissance Art?