An Ionization Profile Monitor with high spatial and time Resolution for SIS18

1. An Ionization Profile Monitor with high spatial and time Resolution for SIS18 FP6-Construction: SIS18-5 P. Forck and T. Giacomini, GSI Darmstadt J. Dietrich, FZ-Jülich A. Paal, MSL Stockholm V. Skachkov, A. Vetrov et al., Moscow State University D. Liakin, S. Barabin et al., ITEP Moscow • Ionization Profile Monitor for online, non-destructive profile measurement • The IPM is a prototype for the installation in all FAIR-Rings • Previous R&D work was funded in 2005 and 06 by INTAS. • Outline of the talk:  Measurement with existing IPM and requirements for advanced IPM  Status for the advanced IPM  Further proceeding.

2. Transverse Profile by Ionization Profile Monitor • IPM: High performance device for turn-by-turn readout and 0.1 mm resolution • required for high current studies at SIS18/100/300, cooling studies at storage rings. • e- or ions detection: • E-field E±50 V/mm, • ΔE/E < 1% • B-field for guidance • B30 mT, ΔB/B < 1% • MCP (100x40 mm2) • High resolution mode: • 100 μm spatial resolution •  10 ms time resolution CCD readout • Turn-by-turn mode: • 1 mm spatial resolution • 100 ns time resolution 100 photo-detectors

3. The excisting IPM at SIS Ion detection scheme E-Field ~ 50 kV / m aperture: 200x170 mm2 MCP detection area: 100 x 26 mm2 Chevron MCP, 106 ampl. MCP calibration by UV lamp Readout by 63 wires Wire Ø : 1.5 mm Resol. : 2.1 mm ADC : 12 Bit tMeasure : 0.5ms Rate : 100 Profiles/s DESY flange Ø 300mm

4. Typical measurements at SIS Ar18+, 350MeV/u flat top, losses after injection and at accel. t=0,9s, beam shift at begin of accel. DC HF Dipole Hor. Ver. Width Pos. Prof. Intgr.

5. Stacking by Electron Cooling Example: Stacking by electron cooling of U73+ beam at GSI . IPM: Profile recording every 10 ms (0.5 ms integration) within one SIS cycle.

6. Low angle Vertical profile: Large angle Optimized angle Mis-steering at Injection Vertical beam profiles are shown with different vertical steerer settings Measurement with 0.5 ms integration time (≈1000 turns), 100 Profiles/s, SIS 18 Mis-steering at beam injection results in a hollow beam with enlarged emittance Ver. Ver. Ver. Vertical beam profiles of 3 different SIS cycles

7. mismatched 200 100 turns matched Orientation mis-match: NOT possible with current Monitor • Injection has to be well aligned to prevent of emittance blow-up • => Turn-by-turn measurement with 1µs time resolution • SIS = 4.7 µs / turn • FAIR = 4.6 µs / turn Example:CERN-SPS (C.Fischer et al.): Anode technology: Phosphor + Photomultiplier, 1.2 mm resolution Example: orientation mis-match

8. IPM Prototype IPM Ø CF250 hor ver • Prototype development: Design for storage rings  high resolution mode • Short insertion length of 60 cm • Clearance 175 x 175 mm2 • - Ion or electron detection • - Secondary electron suppression • - MCP + Phosphor screen P47 • 100ns decay time, • 100 x 40 mm2 active area • - MCP calibration by UV lamp • Without magnetic field • Status: • Hardware nearly fabricated • - Installation at COSY: Dec.06 • - Installation at ESR: spring 07 Viewport Ø CF150 Total length: 60cm Beam line Ø CF200

9. IPM Prototype Test at COSY • Test at COSY: • - no back-out required  better access • More beam time • Tests during winter/spring 07 • Cooling determinations at COSY • Data acquisition: •  Performed by GSI (Diploma work) • PXI system for FireWire CCD • - PXI system running RT-LabVIEW • FPGA for parameter control Equipped PXI-crate and CCD camera Test chamber installed at COSY

10. Magnetic-field for High Intensities at SIS18/100/300 Ion detection for intense beams:  broadening due to space charge Electron detection: B-field required for e- guidance toward MCP. Effects: • 3-dim start velocity Ekin(90%) < 50 eV, θmax  900  rcyl < 0.1 mm if B  30 mT • ExB-drift only for high intensities Monte-Carlo simulation: Ion versus e- detection 1010 U73+ injection at SIS  e- detection required Uni. Moscow: Inclusion of simulated E-and B-fields Goal: Specification for field uniformity ion detection electron detection

11. Large aperture magnets for IPM Permanent-magnet design: Length 2.03 m, main dipole 132 mm, corrector 57 mm, gap 370 mm, trans. 520 mm • Space charge of bunches influences e- trajectory: • guidance of e- to MCP: B=30 mT, ΔB/B<1% • Magnet design with large 480x480 mm2 aperture, correctors and  2 m total insertion. Electro-magnet design: Length: 2.04 m, max. trans. size: 1.7 m Vert. IPM Horiz. IPM Both types fulfill the requirements, but PM is more compact. R&D: ITEP&MSU-Moscow. Corr. dipole Corr. dipole Main dipole, E-field box

12. Results of B-Field calculations • Specification done via e- tracking: • Uses simplified Binary Encounter Approx. • - Trans. shift < 0.2 mm for central region • Trans. Shift <0.5 mm for large beams Magnetic field for e- guidance: 30 mT with ΔB/B<1 % within working region Ion trajectories: Shift < 100 μm Divergence <0.1 mrad For U73+ 10 MeV/u

13. Novel Photo-Detectors for IPM: Si-Photomultiplier Test-device: 576 avalanche photo-diodes on 1mm2 biased above break-down Result: Single-photo amplification, but acting as analogue detector. Turn-by-turn readout injection matching  fast emittance changes Specification:One turn 1 μs, 1 mm resolution. Novel photo-detectors: Silicon-Photomultiplier developed for HEP-Detectors, medical appl. R&D: ITEP-Moscow (incl. electronics)

14. Fast readout electronics • Goal for fast electronics as developed by ITEP: • Turn-by-turn readout on μs-scale • Large array of 100 Avalanche Photo-Diodes, PMT or SiPM for low photon detection • Low noise amplification => signal of 1 turn • Digitalization with 50 MS/s (=20 ns), digital filtering, user-friendly analysis Status: prototype with adoption for APD, PMT or SiPM built. lens module Analysis

15. Status & Further proceedings • IPM High Resolution mode with CCD readout: • Mechanics & detector: Design and fabrication (nearly) finished • Installation at COSY in Dec.06, beam-based tests up to April 07, then ESR • Start production for SIS18: March 07. Magnetic field  permanent-magnet design preferred: • More detailed calculations required:  3 month (depending on financials) • Engineering design and production of first magnet: finished  June 07 • Production for full magnetic channel: end of 07. Fast readout detectors & electronics: • Delay due to application of novel SiPM (low photon-detection, no rate-limitation) • Test of SiPM & electronics in connection with MCP/Phosphor at GSI: Nov. 06 • Production of 2x100 channel electronics: April 07 • Installation and software development: August 07 • Commissioning at ESR: Fall 07. Personnel: Payment of engineer position (T. Giacomini) 2006 to 2008.

16. Status & Further proceedings • ID2: finished • ID 5: finished i.e. within schedule (device for test at COSY & ESR) • ID 6: running, delay due to novel SiPM detector consideration • ID 7: depends on ID 6, due to novel SiPM • ID 8: short delay due to GSI-personnel (4 month ‘Erziehungsurlaub’ of T. Giacomini) • ID 10/11: Nearly within schedule • ID 13: Delay due to magnet considerations at ITEP/MSU General: Personnel paid, Roadmap is o.k., R&D is progressing, production started.