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Exploring Matter: Properties, Changes & Energy

Learn about properties and changes in matter, chemical vs. physical properties, elements vs. compounds, mass vs. weight, energy in matter, thermal energy, and different forms of energy. Discover the building blocks of the universe!

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Exploring Matter: Properties, Changes & Energy

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  1. IntroductiontoMatter • Chapter Two 2

  2. Objectives • Describe Matter • Measure Matter • Identify Changes in Matter • Describe How Energy Changes Matter 3

  3. Aim: Describing Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space How do you define Matter? • Properties of Matter • Physical Properties • Observed without changing into another substance (cut paper) • Chemical Properties • Describes ability to change into different substances (burned paper) How are they different? 4

  4. What does chemistry have to do with matter? • Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. • A substance is a single kind of matter. What are some examples of substances? 5

  5. Observing Physical Properties Matter has two kinds of properties! • Texture and Color • Flexibility • Boiling Point • Freezing Point • Melting Point 6

  6. Observing Chemical Properties • Burning • Flammability • Ability to React • New Substance? 7

  7. Simplest Substance What is the difference between and Element and a compound? • Elements • Atoms • H2 or O2 • Molecules • Molecules • H2O An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means A particle made up of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds 8

  8. Compounds • Single type of matter • A specific makeup (specific chemical formula) • Specific properties • Made up of two or more elements chemically combined at a set ratio What happens to the elements properties when they are combined to other elements? 9

  9. Mixtures • Not combined in a set ratio • Each substance keeps individual properties • Made up of two or more substance • Homogeneous • Heterogeneous Can’t see different parts A solution is an example Can see different parts 10

  10. Aim: Measuring Matter Why do you weigh less on the moon than on Earth? How is weight different than mass? Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object Mass is the measurement of how much matter the object contains What about Volume? Volume is how much space the object occupies 12

  11. Why do we use weight as a measure of mass? • How does weight and mass compare? • What does SI mean? Weight can change depending on location mass never changes. • What units should you use to measure mass? Grams are the units used to measure mass International System of Units 13

  12. What units should we use? Grams • Weight and Mass meniscus • Volume • L x W x H • either meters or liters ? • Density g/ml or g/cm • Mass • Volume 14

  13. Aim: Changes in Matter • Physical Changes • Chemical Changes How are they different? Physical Change: is any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but doesn’t change what the substance is. Example sheet of paper- cut or crumbled is still paper. 17

  14. How are they different? • Physical Change: is any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but doesn’t change what the substance is. Example: sheet of paper- cut or crumbled is still paper. • Chemical Change: is any change that produces a new substance with properties different than the original substance. • Example: CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 (Lab experiment) • Combustion • Electrolysis • Oxidation • Tarnishing 18

  15. What Happened toMass??? • Describe what happened to the burned paper. Where did all the mass go? • Law of conservation of Mass • Mass is not created nor destroyed during any chemical or physical changes. 19

  16. Matter and Thermal Energy • Every chemical and physical change in matter includes a change in energy How do you define energy? Energy is the ability to do work or cause a change. Energy is heat! 20

  17. If energy is heat, what is cold? • So what can move? heat or cold? • Endothermic • is a change in which energy is taken in or absorbed How would it feel? • Feels cold • Exothermic • is a change in energy where energy is released. How would it feel? • Feels hot 21

  18. Thermal Energy • Total energy of all particles in an object • Temperature • is the average energy of motion of the particles in an object 22

  19. Aim: Energy Changes in Matter • Forms of Energy • Transfer of Energy 24

  20. Forms of Energy energy in motion • Kinetic - • Potential - • Chemical- • Electromagnetic - • Electrical- • Thermal - Heat stored energy stored in chemical bonds travels through space electrically charged particles 25

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