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The Cold War

The Cold War. United States v. Soviet Union. The U. S. & the U. S. S. R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c. Class work. Directions: Using the maps on page 849 in your textbook and the map that follows , label the Europe after World War II map. Label: Communist Countries

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War United States v. Soviet Union

  2. The U. S. & the U. S. S. R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c

  3. Class work • Directions: Using the maps on page 849 in your textbookand the map that follows,label the Europe after World War II map. • Label: • Communist Countries • Non-Communist Countries • Iron Curtain • NATO Countries • Warsaw Pact Countries

  4. Beginning of Cold War • The Cold War was an economic and political power struggle from 1945-1989 • Following World War II, Soviet forces occupied much of Eastern and Central Europe and East Germany. • Following World War II, Germany was divided as follows: • A. West Germany was occupied by United States, Great Britain, and France until the adoption of democracy

  5. Beginning of Cold War • B. East Germany was dominated by the Soviet Union. • Berlin was occupied by all Four powers. The United States organized the Berlin Airlift to bring supplies to Berlin when the Soviets blockaded routes from West Germany to West Berlin. • Following World War II, Japan was occupied by the United States until the adoption of democracy.

  6. The Division of Germany:1945 - 1990 Post WW II: 4 zones created West Germany US, Great Britain, France East Germany: Soviet Union Berlin: German capital split into eastern & western halves

  7. Berlin Airlift: U.S. response to Soviet blockade U.S. and Allies flew supplies to blockaded West Berlin for 10 months: 277,000 flights 2 million tons of supplies

  8. Cold War • In an attempt to prevent the spread of Communism in Europe, the Marshall Plan provided assistance to European countries destroyed by the war. • The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II. Its purpose was to prevent future wars.

  9. Marshall Plan: Economic plan to stop the spread of Communism in Europe • $$$ given to European countries to rebuild after the war.

  10. Cold War • The Cold War was an economic and political power struggle from 1945-1989 between the democratic ideals of the United States and the communist government of the Soviet Union. • The Truman Doctrine was a United States pledge to resist the spread of communism worldwide

  11. USA Politically: Democracy Economically: Capitalist Free Market USSR Politically: Communist Economically: Command Economy Quota System Cold War:(1945-1989)Political & Economic Struggle

  12. Truman Doctrine • U.S. pledge to resist the spread of communism worldwide • Policy of Containment

  13. The Dividing of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War Soviet Union creates an Iron Curtain around Southern & Eastern Europe & East Germany Communist satellite governments established in Eastern European countries

  14. Cold War • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Was formed to provide a defensive alliance to protect Western Europe against an invasion by the Soviet Union. • The Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Soviet and East European countries, was a response to NATO. • In 1949, the communists took over China. America feared the spread of communism.

  15. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):Protect Western Europe vs Soviet invasion

  16. Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Soviet and East European countries, was a response to NATO.

  17. China: The Communist Victory World’s largest population now Communist

  18. Cold War • The United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a nuclear arms race during the Cold War. • Massive retaliation was a United States policy adopted during the Eisenhower administration. It threatened the use of nuclear weapons in response to Soviet aggression against another country.

  19. Nuclear Arms Race: 1949 the Soviets build an A-Bomb

  20. Massive Retaliation • U.S. policy of the Eisenhower administration. • It threatened the use of nuclear weapons in response to Soviet aggression against another country.

  21. Cold War continued • Fear of communism and threat of nuclear war affected life in the United States during the Cold War. • Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of spying. • Senator Joseph McCarthy accused many Americans of spying. This is known as the Red Scare or McCarthyism. • Foreign policy became a major issue in presidential campaigns.

  22. Cold War @ Home: Red Scare & Nuclear Scare

  23. Communist Spies & Second Red Scare • Spies in America: • Alger Hiss & the Rosenberg’s (Julius & Ethel) convicted of spying • America Paranoid that spies are everywhere

  24. Communist Spies & Second Red Scare • HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee created to investigate potential Communist spies • Joseph McCarthy: Wisconsin senator gains popularity by publicly accusing people of being spies • People were considered “guilty” until proven “innocent”

  25. Korean War • The United States became involved in the Korean War in 1950 when communist North Korea invaded South Korea. • China entered the conflict on the side of North Korea. A truce was signed in 1953. Korea remained divided along the 38th parallel.

  26. Korean War U.S. & UN involved in the Korean War in 1950 Communist North Korea invaded South Korea. China entered on side of North Korea Korea remained divided at 38th parallel

  27. Cuba • Cuba is located 90 miles south of the US. • The United States engaged in Cold-War-related confrontations with Cuba. • In 1959, Fidel Castro took over Cuba in a communist revolution. • The United States trained a group of Cubans to invade Cuba. The Bay of Pigs invasion took place in 1961 and failed.

  28. Cuba • Located 90 miles from Florida • 1959: Fidel Castro took over in a communist revolution

  29. Bay of Pigs (1961) • U.S. trained Cuban rebels invade Cuba & attempt to overthrow Castro. • IT FAILED • US begins trade embargo on Cuba (it still exists today)

  30. Cuba • In 1962, the Soviet Union began to build missile launchers in Cuba. The United States protested, and for several days, the world worried that a nuclear war would erupt. • The Soviet Union decided to remove the missiles. This event is known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.

  31. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): 13 days in October • JFK President • Issue: Soviet missiles in Cuba • US Response: Protests then a naval blockade to prevent Soviet ships from reaching Cuba • Soviet Response: Respect the naval blockade and remove missiles in Cuba • (US would later remove Nukes from Turkey)

  32. Cold War continued • Cold War military contracts benefited Virginia’s economy. • President Kennedy’s inaugural address became famous for this quote: “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” • Many Americans served in the military during the Cold War; the United States prevailed over the Soviet Union. • President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.

  33. Assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963 John F. Kennedy(1961-1963) “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country!”

  34. Vietnam War • The United States began providing economic aid to the French in Vietnam as part of the American policy of containment. • In the 1950’s and 1960’s, communist North Vietnam attempted to force a communist government in South Vietnam. The United States provided assistance to South Vietnam. • United States military buildup in Vietnam increased during the administrations of Kennedy and Johnson

  35. Vietnam War • American military forces repeatedly defeated North Vietnam but were unable to force an end to the war through a limited war. • America became divided over the Vietnam War. War protests took place, especially on college campuses. • President Johnson decided not to run for re-election. Richard Nixon was elected president in 1968.

  36. Vietnam War • “Vietnamization” was Nixon’s plan to withdraw American troops and replace them with U.S.-supplied South Vietnamese forces. It was unsuccessful because South Vietnamese forces were unable to resist invasion from Soviet-supplied North Vietnam. • A peace agreement was signed in 1973, and United States troops left Vietnam. In 1975, North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam, which was unable to resist. Vietnam became a united country under a communist government.

  37. Vietnam War • Vietnam war veterans returned home to encounter much indifference and hostility. It was several years before Vietnam veterans were honored. • Today, in Washington D.C. , they have the Vietnam War Veterans wall which lists the names of the fallen soldiers from that conflict

  38. Cold War continued The Soviet Union’s Cold War military buildup took a toll on their command economy. • Soviet Republics began to push for independence • Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to save the Soviet Union through glasnost and perestroika.

  39. End of the Cold War: The fall of the Soviet Union • Soviet Union economy collapsing • Soviet republics push for independence • Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev attempts to save the USSR • Glasnost: Openness • Perestroika: Economic Reforms • Too little to late

  40. Fall of Berlin Wall • President Reagan demands the Soviets tear down the Berlin Wall • Fall of Wall signals end of Cold War

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