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Cold War

Cold War. USH-7.5. I. Reasons. United States vs Soviet Union Capitalism vs Communism Democracy vs Communism Eastern Europe: free or a buffer against Germany Superpower vs Superpower Churchill calls it the “Iron Curtain”. II. Germany. Soviet Union got to Berlin 1 st during WWII

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War USH-7.5

  2. I. Reasons • United States vs Soviet Union • Capitalism vs Communism • Democracy vs Communism • Eastern Europe: free or a buffer against Germany • Superpower vs Superpower • Churchill calls it the “Iron Curtain”

  3. II. Germany • Soviet Union got to Berlin 1st during WWII • Germany AND Berlin are split into four sections between: • US • England • France • USSR

  4. II. Germany • West Germany is made from US, GB, and French • Democratic & Capitalist • East Germany is run by the Soviets • Communist • Since West Berlin is in East Germany, the USSR set up a blockade to prevent resupplying West Berlin

  5. II. Germany • Berlin Airlift (1948-49) • US/GB flew almost 5,000 tons of stuff everyday into Berlin • Was so effective, the Soviets lifted the blockade

  6. II. Germany • Berlin Wall • Communists kept leaving East Berlin for West Berlin • All the “best” people • Starting in 1961, the Soviets built fences and walls around West Berlin to keep Communists from getting in • Grew and grew until it came down in 1989

  7. III. American Policies • Containment • Keep communism where it is and not allow it to spread • Truman Doctrine promised to keep communism in Europe • US backed Greece and Turkey fighting communist rebels

  8. III. American Policies • Marshall Plan • Western Europe was war-torn & economically weak • US loaned $13 billion to those nations • $133,829,214,890.86 today • They would buy materials and goods from the US to rebuild • They would love capitalism and stay our allies

  9. III. American Policies • Domino Theory • If one nation falls to communism, its neighbor’s will fall also • Leads to US fighting many places to stop spread of communism • USSR is next to China which is next to North Korea which is next to…

  10. IV. West vs. East • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Created by the US and European allies to protect each other from USSR • USSR created Warsaw Pact to oppose it • Collection of the nations they controlled after WWII and made communist

  11. V. Korean Conflict (1950 – 53) • Communist North Korea invaded Democratic South Korea • US asked the United Nations to do something • US and SK troops take “police action” • Push NK back to Chinese border • Communist China helps push back into SK • Push back to 38th Parallel • Where they started

  12. VI. Red Scare • Americans begin to fear communism more • Airlift • China turns Communist • USSR gets atomic bombs • Korean War • Republicans say Democrats are too soft • Leads to McCarthyism

  13. VI. Red Scare • Senator Joseph McCarthy • Attacks hundreds of diplomats, artists and gov’t employees • Shouted that they were communists • Made up almost every accusation • Televised hearings show McCarthy as a bully • Ruined many people

  14. VII. Space Race • Soviet Union launched the 1st satellite in 1957 • Sputnik • US passed the National Defense Education Act • Promotes science and math • Counteract the fear that capitalism made America less competitive

  15. VII. Space Race • 1st man in space is Soviet Yuri Gagarin • First American in space is Alan Shepard in 1961 • July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong is 1st person to walk on the Moon

  16. VII. Space Race • Leads to an arms race • Build up of weapons • Especially nuclear weapons • Creates Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) • If one missile is launched, all the rest are launched and we all die • Many arms reduction treaties in the last 25 years

  17. VIII. Cuba • US supported Cuba since Spanish-American War • Fidel Castro overthrew the gov’t • Nationalized American-owned properties • Befriended USSR • US embargos Cuba • US trained some exiles to start an uprising at the Bay of Pigs • Epic fail

  18. VIII. Cuba • Cuban Missile Crisis • In 1962, US spy planes took pics of nuke sites being built in Cuba • JFK put a naval blockade around Cuba to stop USSR from delivering the nukes • Soviets turned around at the last second (13 Days) • Hot line was installed in DC and Moscow

  19. IX. Middle East • US has supported Israel since its creation and USSR/Russia has supported its Arab neighbors • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) • Nations set up an oil embargo in the 1970s • Raised the price of gas to 70¢/gallon • Rationing was awful in US

  20. IX. Middle East • Iran • CIA helped the Shah overthrow a rival that supported the USSR and wanted to nationalize oil • Supported the Shah’s repressive rule • Shah was overthrown by fundamentalist Islamic group in 1979 • Held 150 American hostages for over a year

  21. IX. Middle East • Afghanistan • Soviets attacked in 1979 • US supported the Mujahideen b/c they were anti-communist • Many became the Taliban who supported al Qaeda • Led to the US boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow

  22. X. The End • Mikhail Gorbachev (USSR) creates: • Glasnost (openness) • Increased transparency in the gov’t and it’s operations • Perestroika (rebuilding) • Restructuring the Soviet system of gov’t and economic system • E. Europe revolts and USSR lets them go • Berlin Wall comes down in 1990

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