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The Road to the Civil War

This text provides an overview of the events leading up to the Civil War, including the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the election of Abraham Lincoln.

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The Road to the Civil War

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  1. Chapter 16 The Road to the Civil War

  2. 11. MISSOURI COMPROMISE • 1819 • 11 free states • 11 slave states • Henry Clay • Missouri-slave • Maine-free

  3. 12. In the election of 1848, many Whigs opposed Zachary Taylorbecause he was a slaveholder. He won the election to become the 12th President. Zachary Taylor Free-Soiler Whig Martin Van Buren

  4. 13. California’s application for statehood touched off a long and bitter debate between the North and South because it would tip the balance of power to the free states. 14. civil war

  5. 15. What book by Harriet Beecher Stowe showed slavery as a brutal, cruel system? Uncle Tom’s Cabin

  6. 16. Millard Fillmoretook over the presidency upon the death of Taylor to become the 13th President of the U.S.

  7. Henry Clay =The Great Compromiser 17. Stephen A. Douglas took up the fight for him. His plan was called the Compromise of 1850. 18. Compromise of 1850= was a plan to save the Union from continued conflict

  8. 18. The last Whig president, Millard Fillmoresigned the Compromise of 1850. doesn’t get nominated by Whig party for re election

  9. 19. A person could be fined up to $1,000, or be imprisoned for breaking the law, stated in the Fugitive Slave Act. The law required citizens to help catch runaway enslaved people.

  10. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 divided the Nebraska Territory into two separate territories. Northerners were angry.

  11. 20. Franklin Pierce Democrat Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act

  12. 21. Problems with the Kansas-Nebraska Act 1. It repealed the Missouri Compromise. 2. It led to violence in Kansas. 3. It outraged the Northerners and moved the country closer to war..

  13. Stephen A. Douglas proposed letting the people decide about slavery through popular sovereignty.

  14. 23.Missourians who traveled in armed groups to cross the border and vote in elections became known as Border Ruffians.

  15. BLEEDING KANSAS 1861 Kansas = free state. By 1856, hundreds of people had been killed in Kansas as a result of violence. 24. guerrilla warfare = hit and run tactics

  16. Ruled against Scott • Basically made slavery legal in territories • Outraged the North 25. The Dred Scott case

  17. A New Political Party Antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free-Soilers joined together to form the Republican Party. 26. The Republican Party was formed to oppose the expansion of slavery in the West.

  18. 27. James Buchananbecame the 15th President of the U.S. due to large support in the South.

  19. 28. Abraham Lincoln • Entered Politics in 1832 – lost race for state legislature • 1834 he runs again and wins • By 1836 studies law and receives attorney license • Belonged to Whig Party for 20 years • 1834-1841 served in Illinois state legislature • 1846 elected to House of Representatives • 1858 challenges Stephen Douglas to a debate for Senate seat

  20. Lincoln –Douglas Debates In July of 1858, Abraham Lincoln challenged Stephen Douglas to a series of debates, or public discussions, on slavery.

  21. 29. http://www.history.com/videos/gilder-lehrman-house-divided#gilder-lehrman-house-divided

  22. Federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Armory = is a storehouse for weapons.

  23. 30. What was the goal of John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry? Destroy slavery and bring it to an end

  24. Government authorities convicted John Brown of murder and treason and sentenced him to hang on December 2, 1859. • Lasted 36 hours • 10 men including 2 of his sons killed • He and his raiders killed 3 civilians, 1 marine, and 2 slaves • Robert E. Lee led the US Marines for President Buchanan 30. He wanted to destroy slavery and bring it to an end. This made him a martyr

  25. Election of 1860 31. Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 to become the 16th President of the U.S. CAUSE OF CIVIL WAR

  26. 31. South felt that because Lincoln was elected that the government was against their interests.

  27. Reaction to the election of 1860 results? Secession of southern states

  28. 32. The first state to secede from the union was South Carolina.

  29. 33. In February of 1861, delegates met in Alabama to form the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Daviswas elected as President of the Confederacy. Inauguration of Jefferson Davis

  30. Urgent! • Message from Commander Anderson Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

  31. What to Do??? • If I send supplies…Southerners might attack. • If I send troops….Southerners WILL attack. • If I do nothing…the commander will have to surrender. ? ? ?

  32. Decision 34.Southerners shelled the fort and forced the Union to surrender to Confederate forces. Though there were no casualties, it was the beginning of the Civil War. • Lincoln decided to send supply ships • And see what the Southerners would do

  33. Fort Sumter = The Beginning Sumter today CAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR Old Fort Sumter

  34. FORT SUMTER, S.C. Explanation- South is angry. They want Union soldiers to leave federal forts in the South. It marked the start of the Civil War.

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