Fungi & Plant Kingdom Test Review

1. Fungi & Plant Kingdom Test Review

2. Review • How do fungi get their food? • Fungi are decomposers. They break down dead organic waste and absorb the nutrients. • 2. Fungi do not produce seeds. They produce _________. • spores • 3. What is the purpose of the fruiting body of a fungus? • To produce and release spores. • 4. The thread-like structures of a fungi that spread out below the surface are known as _____________________. • Mycelia or hyphae • 5. What is the purpose of these structures? • They release chemicals to break down (digest) dead organic waste then absorb the nutrients in water. • 6. What is the type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed? • parasitic

3. 7. What are two examples of parasitic fungi that can attack humans? athlete’s foot and ringworm (also a yeast infection.) 8. What are some other examples of parasites you are familiar with? leech, tick, flea, tapeworm, pinworms 9. What is unique about lichen? Lichen is a dual organism that consists of an algae or cyanobacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with a fungus. 10. Why is yeast added to bread or pastry dough? Yeast (like many types of bacteria) breaks down sugar which releases CO2 bubbles. These bubbles get trapped in the dough and make it rise. Bread without yeast is something like PITA bread (flatbread)—kind of like a tortilla.

4. 11. How do fungi meet their nutritional needs? By decomposing waste organic material 12. The reproductive cells of fungi are known as ________ spores 13. What is unique about the organism known as lichen? Lichen is made up of two organisms, a fungi and an algae or a cyanobacteria that maintain a mutualistic relationship. 14. In which type of symbiotic relationship does one of the organisms feed off another (the host) causing harm to the host? Parasitic 15. Give of an example of a fungi that has this relationship with humans. Athlete’s foot fungi, ringworm, yeast (yeast infection)

5. 17. What cellular structures are found in a plant cell but not an animal cell? • cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole • 18. What are plants able to do than neither animals nor fungi can do? • Make their own food through photosynthesis. • 19. What distinguishes an autotrophic organism from a heterotrophic organism? • Autotrophs contain chlorophyll which enables them to make their own food. • 20. Which primary characteristic distinguishes a prokaryotic organism (like plants) from a eukaryotic organism (like bacteria)? • prokaryotes lack a nucleus. • 21. What are the four ingredients required for photosynthesis? • carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and light.

6. Review 22. Plants that have a network of tubes or pipes for distributing water and nutrients throughout the plant are known as _____________________________ 23. The most common type of non-vascular plant is _________________________ 24. Nonvascular plants are usually _________________ in size and must live in or near ____________________. vascular moss very small water

7. Review 25. What can plants and algae do that animals cannot? Make their own food. 26. Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis are referred to as Autotrophs or producers. 27. What four ingredients are needed for photosynthesis? Water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and light. 28. Plants release ______________________ into the atmosphere, which is needed by all animal on earth. 29. The release of water vapor into the air by plants is known as __________________ Transpiration. oxygen

8. 30. __________are seed producing, flowering plants whose seeds are normally encased in some type of protective covering. angiosperms 31. Gymnosperms produce seeds, but not _________________ flowers 32. The most common gymnosperms are conifers, plants that produce __________ cones 33. What function is served by the shape of and the waxy coating covering conifer leaves? It prevents loss of water through transpiration. 34. . _____________ plants maintain their leaves year-round. Evergreen 35. _____________plants lose their leaves for part of the year. Deciduous.

9. Bell Ringer/Closing Q & A in Interactive Notebook Question Bank 36. What three structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells? cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts 37. What is the difference between a vascular plant and a nonvascular plant? Vascular plants have a network of tubes to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants lack these structures. 39. What is the most common nonvascular plant? moss 40. How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms? Angiosperms are flowering plants that generally grow seeds inside a fruit or protective covering. Gymnosperms are non-flowering and produce sees usually in a cone. 41. What function is served by the shape and design of conifer needles? It slows water loss through transpiration. 42. What is the difference between an evergreen and a deciduous plant? Evergreen plants keep their leaves all year. Deciduous plants drop their leaves for part of the year.

10. Review 43. Plants that produce seeds inside flowers are known as _______________________. 44. Plants that produce sees inside cones are known as ____________________. 45. The most common types of spore producing plants are _____________ and ______________. angiosperms conifers ferns mosses

11. 46. The two insects in this image transported pollen on their legs and face from one flower to this flower. The transfer of pollen from one plant to another is known as Fertilization Pollination Germination

12. 47. Once pollen has been deposited on the tip of the female organ of the flower (the pistil), a long pollen tube forms so that sperm from the pollen can travel to the plant’s ovules (unfertilized eggs.) When the sperm unites with an ovule, the process is known as___________________ Fertilization Pollination Germination

13. 48. Plants that maintain their leaves all year are known as _______________________ 49. Some examples of trees in our area that keep their leaves all year are pine, cedar, magnolia, Live Oak. 50. __________________________ drop their leaves and become dormant for part of the year. evergreens deciduous

14. 48. What process appears to be happening in this image? Fertilization Pollination Germination

15. 49. C-Bass is observing this sample of tissue in her microscope. She is most likely looking at a sample of tissue from which of the following? a. frog skin b. lettuce leaf c. pine tree root d. tree bark

16. 50. What type of organisms are likely to benefit the most from the actions of a decomposer (aside from the actual decomposer?) Plants absorb the decomposed nutrients that the decomposer does not use. Since plants are at the base of the food web, plants enable these nutrients to be recycled through the ecosystem.

17. 51. List three types of decomposers. • Bacteria (Kingdom Monera) • Slime molds (Kingdom Protista) • Fungi (Kingdom Fungi) • 52. List three types of autotrophs. • Cyanobacteria (Kingdom Monera) • Algae (Kingdom Protista) • Plants (Kingdom Plantae)