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Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction. Production of offspring from one parent Involves mitosis. Mitosis – Cell Division - exact duplication of all the chromosomes (# and information) in the nucleus, then separated into 2 identical sets. - occurs in all cells except sex cells Cancer – abnormal mitosis.

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Asexual Reproduction

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  1. Asexual Reproduction • Production of offspring from one parent • Involves mitosis Mitosis – Cell Division - exact duplication of all the chromosomes (# and information) in the nucleus, then separated into 2 identical sets. - occurs in all cells except sex cells Cancer – abnormal mitosis

  2. Structure of a double-stranded chromosome

  3. Chromatid – strand of a chromosome Chromatin – material of a chromatid Centromere – holds strands together Gene – bands of information on chromosome (DNA) chromatid centromere

  4. Differences in Mitosis between Animal and Plant Cells Animal Cells - have centrioles - cleavage (cell membrane pinches in – cytokenisis) Plant Cells - no centrioles - no cleavage – cell plate forms (cell wall)

  5. Animal cell mitosis – cleavage – pinching in cleavage

  6. Plant cell mitosis – cell plate formation

  7. Result of Mitosis: - 2 identical cells made with the exactchromosome # and information as parent cell – exact replicas.

  8. Methods of Asexual Reproduction -some organisms reproduce asexually (one parent) using the process of mitosis. • Binary Fission: • equal division of the cytoplasm of the organism. Ex. Ameba, Paramecium • One organism splits itself equally and produces 2 new organisms.

  9. Binary Fission Paramecium Ameba

  10. 2. Budding: - unequal division of the cytoplasm (not chromosomes!!!!!) Ex. Hydra and Yeast Hydra Yeast

  11. 3. Sporulation: - multicellular organisms - spores are released and develop new individuals Bread Mold

  12. 4. Regeneration: - invertebrates – undifferentiated cells (similar) - development of entire new organism from part of original. Ex. Starfish, planaria - replacement of lost structure. Ex. Lobster claw Planaria Starfish

  13. 5. Vegetative Propagation: - Asexual Reproduction in Plants (mitosis) - New plants develop from roots, stems and leaves of parent plant. Natural: bulbs, tubers, runners

  14. Natural A. Bulbs – enlarged underground stem ex. Onion, garlic, tulip

  15. B. Tubers – enlarged underground stem with buds (eyes) ex. Potato

  16. C. Runners – stem that runs along the ground. Ex. strawberries

  17. Artificial: a. cutting – stem or leaf is placed in soil and a new plant develops. Ex. Geranium

  18. b. Grafting: - stem of one plant is attached to cut end of another. - No Blending - red rose bush grafted to yellow rose bush produces a plant with red and yellow roses.

  19. Results of Asexual Reproduction • offspring are genetically identical to parent • Same hereditary material (# and information on chromosomes) • Same characteristics

  20. Cloning • Can occur naturally or artificially • Artificial- Nuclear Transfer • Scientists take a parent (body) cell nucleus (DNA) • Insert the nucleus into a donor egg cell (the nucleus from the egg was removed) • The egg is now implanted into a surrogate female for development • The clone will be genetically identical to the organism that the parent cell nucleus came from

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