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Radical Days of Revolution

Radical Days of Revolution. Section 3 SWBAT: understand why and how radicals abolished the monarchy Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created and why the Reign of Terror resulted Summarize how the excesses of the Convention led to the formation of the Directory

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Radical Days of Revolution

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  1. Radical Days of Revolution Section 3 SWBAT: understand why and how radicals abolished the monarchy Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created and why the Reign of Terror resulted Summarize how the excesses of the Convention led to the formation of the Directory Analyze how the French people were affected by the changes brought about by the revolution.

  2. Do Now Tuesday1/15/13 • During the French and American revolutions printed materials were the primary means of communication. During WWII, radio and newspapers were the primary means of communication while during the Gulf Wars, television news and the Internet were used by many as the primary source of information. • How has technology and access to it impacted the believability of propaganda?

  3. Radical Revolution • Storming Versailles – Royal family to Paris October 6, 1789 • Tensions rise abroad • Émigrés were groups of people hoping to restore the king’s power • Louis XVI attempted escape  June 21, 1791 • Consequence  RADICAL transition

  4. National Convention • Radicals take control of the Assembly • Call for new legislative body called the National Convention. • Louis XVI put on trial as a traitor to France

  5. Another Constitution • National Convention drafts new constitution for France. • Jacobins  radical group control the Convention • erase all traces of the old order • Seized lands of nobles & abolished titles of nobility • Suffrage: the right to vote, for all male citizens, not just property owners • Voted to • abolish the monarchy • and establish a republic  The French Republic • Louis XVI convicted (treason) & sentenced to death  Guillotine • Executed January 1793

  6. The Royal Family • Marie Antoinette outlived her husband by 9 months • Found guilty of treason: • October of 1793 • sent to the Guillotine • Marie had two surviving children, • Marie Therese & Louis Charles • Louis Charles died in prison in 1795 – age10 • Marie Therese  exiled &married • died childless in 1851

  7. three most memorable Jacobins: • Georges Danton, • MaximilienRobespierre, • Jean-Paul Marat. • Because of a debilitating illness, Marat was forced to work from home. • He was assassinated (in the tub while taking a medicinal bath) • by Charlotte Corday, a Girondist sympathizer, in July, 1793. The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David

  8. Reign of Terror:September 5, 1793-July 27, 1794 • Convention continued to face problems domestically • Jacobinpolitical party dominated French politics • Committee of Public Safety • Headed by Danton (and later Robespierre) • Those accused of treason were tried by the Committee’s Revolutionary Tribunal • Approximately 15,000 people died on the guillotine • Guillotine became known as the “National Razor”

  9. Growing Coalition against the French • Draft  to defeat the foreign Coalition • people supported military operations  they did not want to be back under the Old Regime • Rouget de Lisle wrote the “Marseillaise” • French national anthem • Inspired troops as they were led into battle • After 2 years • Coalition was defeated • France had gainedterritory

  10. Primary Source “It is necessary to stifle the domestic and foreign enemies of the Republic perish with them….The first maxim of our politics ought to be to lead the people by means of reason and the enemies of the people by terror….If the basis of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the basis of popular government in time of revolution is both virtue and terror.” - Mazimilien Robespierre, quoted in Pageant of Europe

  11. Committee of Public Safety

  12. End of the Reign of Terror • Members of Girondistpolitical party tried to end ROT • This opposition caused many Girondists to be tried and executed for treason • Eventually, even Georges Danton wanted to end the executions • resulted in Danton being executed for treason • Robespierre leader of the Committee of Public Safety • continued the executions • Convention blamed Robespierre for the Reign of Terror • ThermidoreanReaction • July 27, 1794 – ended Reign of Terror • Robespierre & other members of the Committee of Public Safety to the guillotine • Robespierre was guillotined on July 28, 1794

  13. Constitution #3 (1795) • Revolution Enters Third Stage • Move away from the Convention • Form the DIRECTORY • With the foreign invaders vanquished & Reign of Terror over, the Convention was finally able to inaugurate its new constitution • Formed a two house legislature elected by male citizens of property • Middle class and professional people of the bourgeoisie were the dominant force of this stage

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  15. Government under the Directory

  16. Other Parting ReformsPassed by the Convention

  17. Directory (1795-1799)

  18. Review Questions

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