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Adaptations in Fertilization and Development of Young

Explore the diverse mechanisms of external and internal fertilization in vertebrate animals, from fish to mammals, and the subsequent development of their offspring. Learn about the unique parental care strategies and survival tactics across different species.

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Adaptations in Fertilization and Development of Young

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  1. Adaptations in Fertilization and Development of Young • External Fertilization: Reproduction in many cold-blooded vertebrate animals, such as fish and amphibians. • The gametes fuse outside the body of the female. • Usually large numbers of eggs are required to ensure survival of the species.

  2. External Fertilization External Development Amphibians

  3. External Development: Overproduction of Eggs

  4. Fish: External Fertilization & external development FISH

  5. Internal Fertilization • Reproduction in most warm-blooded vertebrate animals is characterized by internal fertilization. • The gametes fuse in the moist reproductive tract of the female.

  6. Internal Fertilization/ External Development BIRDS PARENTAL CARE Increases Survivorship Of offspring

  7. Reptiles Internal Fertilization External Development Little to No Parental Care once eggs are laid

  8. External Development • External development occurs outside of the female’s body. • In Water: The eggs of many fish and amphibians are fertilizedand develop externally in an aquatic environment. • On Land: Eggs ofbirds, many reptilesand a few mammals develop externallyon land after internal fertilization. • The developing embryo’s source of food is the yolk.

  9. Nonplacental Mammals:Monotremes • Egg-laying mammals Spiny Anteater Duckbill Platypus Lay leathery eggs (like reptiles), then feed young with milk from mammary glands

  10. Nonplacental / Pouched Mammals Marsupials : embryo develops internally, then Immature fetus crawls into Mother’s Pouch where it attaches to the Mammary gland And completes Development in the pouch. Kangaroo Opossum Koala

  11. Internal Development: Placental Mammals Amniotic Sac Placenta Maternal Portion of Placenta Umbilical cord Fetal portion Of Placenta Uterus Amnion Umbilical Cord Maternal artery Maternal vein Umbilical Artery & Vein

  12. Placental Mammals • Most mammals, including humans, have a specialized structure called the placenta, that provides for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between the mother and the offspring. • The baby is attached to the placenta by an umbilical cord • The umbilical cord contains blood vessels, connecting baby’s circulatory system to the capillaries of the placenta

  13. Placental Mammals • Internal fertilization And development Increases the chances Of survivalof young • Mammals also provide Milk and parentalcare Also increasing Survivorship • As a consequence, Mothers birth fewer offspring

  14. The Ins and Out of Eggs

  15. Egg: Adaptation for external development Embryo Allantois Amnion Chorion Yolk Sac Shell

  16. External VS Internal Development

  17. Angiosperms: Flowering Plants Stamen Perfect Flower has both Male and female reproductive Organs. Gamete production (meiosis) Occurs in the Anther (pollen), And the Ovary (ovules) pistil Stigma Anther Style filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal

  18. Pollination: Insects, birds, windand Other Critters • Example of Mutualism

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