Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution Its effects on Life.

2. 1st Industrial Revolution • A shift in the mid 1700s that changed the way humans worked. It was characterized by the introduction of machines to make goods that were once made by hand. Before, people worked for themselves to produce what they needed, the shift meant they now worked for someone else to earn wages to get what they needed.

3. Cottage Industry • When people produce goods in their homes for others for a profit.

4. Factory System A system of manufacturing goods with use of machines and humans.

5. The Industrial Revolution changed the Textile Industry The Spinning jenny was a machine that could spin the fibers into thread. This machine replaced the spinning wheel which were used in people’s homes to spin thread. This machine was used in early textile factories.

6. The Powered Loom – Edmund Cartwright The power loom was used to produce textiles (clothing). The loom wove thread into fabric. This machine made the productions of textiles highly profitable.

7. The Industrial Revolution Comes to America Samuel Slater He used top secret technology stolen from Great Britain. He built the first successful textile mill in America. Francis Cabot Lowell took the technology brought by Slater and built a factory in Massachusetts that not only spun cotton into yarn, but also wove it into cloth. The mill was so successful a town sprung up around it. The town of Lowell, MA still exists today.

8. Eli Whitney and the Industrial Revolution • Interchangeable Parts • This allowed for goods to be produced much quicker and cheaper.

9. Eli Whitney • Invented the Cotton Gin ,short for “engine” Makes the cleaning of cotton much easier than by hand. Southern plantation owners were able to produce more cotton to be sold to European textile manufacturers. This helped create a high demand for cotton in turn this led to a demand for more slave labor.

10. Draw and complete the chart. 1st successful textile mills. ? Textile Production ? Fathers of American Industry Inventions Industrial Revolution Eli Whitney ? ? What it is? Factory System Define

11. Lowell’s Mill • Was built next to a river to use the river’s flow of water to power the factories’ machines (hydraulic power) • It employed primarily young farm girls to work in his factories. • They worked a 12 ½ hour workday. • They were paid very well for their work, they earned $2 - $4 dollars a week.

12. Factors that led to the Industrialization of New England • The region had many free flowing rivers to power early American factories. • The shift to manufacturing was easier due to the poor farming conditions. • The region had many large seaports to bring in raw materials and ship out manufactured goods. • There were many wealthy investors in the region willing to take a risk on manufacturing.

13. Quiz Time • A shift that occurred in the Mid 1700’s where people stopped making goods by hand and began using machines to manufacture products. • People made goods in their homes for others for profit. • Inventions like the spinning Jenny and the Powered Loom changed this industry. • The men who brought the Industrial Revolution to America. • The people who worked in early America factories. • These provided the power for early American factories. • Eli Whitney invented a more efficient way of mass producing goods with his idea of using these. • The effect of cotton gin was a greater demand for cotton and in turn a greater demand for __________.

14. TAKING NOTES • New jobs • People became more connected with each other • Newspapers could print more recent events • Businesses could make better decisions with more info Telegraph/Samuel Mores • Canals (Erie) • Roads (National Road) • Steamboats • Railroads • New York became America’s #1 port city • Shipping cost decrease because goods can travel great distances quicker. • People became more connected to each other • Open up new markets • Disrupt natural habitats (Infrastructure) • Mechanical Reaper • Steel Plow • Tech + Agriculture = more food • Food prices decreased • Population boom

15. Samuel Morse’s Telegraph The telegraph uses an electoral signal to send messages. The telegraph was more efficient at delivering messages quicker than any other method at the time. Samuel Morse developed a special code, a.k.a Morse code, to transmit messages. This is the 1st telecommunication device and it only sent text messages.

16. Cyrus McCormick • Invented the McCormick reaper • What it does? It allows a farmer to more quickly harvest their crops. • Why it is important. It helped to increase the agricultural productivity of farmers. More food was produced which meant more people could be fed and at cheaper cost.

17. Steel Plow – John Deere 1837 John Deere was a farmer in Illinois, like many farmers in his time found it very time consuming to plow a field using traditional plows. He was given a steel blade from one of the factories nearby. He sharpened the edge, polished the steel, and soon found that it was much easier and quicker to plow a field. Soon many farmers wanted a plow like John Deere. Fast forward to the present and the John Deere is a household name. You may even know someone who owns one of his tractors.

18. Canals In the early 1800s people in the North began to construct a network of canals. Canals reduced the cost and time needed to ship good. The images seen here on this slide are of the Erie Canal, perhaps, the most important canal of the this era. The effects of the Erie Canal were to make the port of New York the number one shipping port in America.

19. The National Road The National Road was America’s first highway. It originally connected the towns of Cumberland Maryland, to Wheeling West Virginia. Later the road was expanded all the way out to Vandalia, Illinois. The road was one of the first steps in reducing the cost of shipping goods to the market. Prior to the construction of the National Road. The cost of shipping a product by land just 30 miles was equivalent to cost of shipping something to Europe.

20. Steam Engine by James Watt • A key invention of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine. • This invention could provide the power needed to run many different machines. • Used to power the Steamboat, Trains and machines in factories.

21. Robert Fulton’s Steamboat Made the transportation of goods and people much more quicker and cheaper. The cost to ships goods went down, and the profits to farmers and manufactures go up. Steamboats replaced the transporation of goods by canal obsolete.

22. The Railroads This image shows the railroad network in the United State in 1870. What do you notice about the railroad network? What does this reveal about the nation in the late 1800s? Throughout the 1800’s the United States began to lay railroads across the nation. This network of railroads helped to link different regions of the nation together. This allowed to ship goods and people greater distances more quickly.

23. Draw and complete the cart Social Impact: Improvements in Mass Production Political Impact: List Examples Economic Impact: Geographical Impact:

24. Draw and complete the cart Social Impact: Improvements in Transportation Political Impact: List Examples Economic Impact: Geographical Impact:

25. Draw and complete the cart Social Impact: Improvements in Agriculture Political Impact: List Examples Economic Impact: Geographical Impact:

26. Iron Furnace • The Iron furnace was an improvement in the production of Iron. • This made the production of Iron more cost efficient. • The iron produced could be used to build structures that were stronger and lasted longer.

27. Bessemer Steel Process & it’s Significance • Henry Bessemer created a method to make steel from Iron ore. • Steel created in the method was very strong and suited the need of Railroad corporation which used steel beams to build railroad tracks. • In addition with out Bessemer steel, skyscrapers, like the ones in New York and other Major cities, could not be built

28. Other notable Inventors and Inventions

29. The effects of the Industrial Revolution • Increased the productivity of farmers, food could be produced more cheaply, and in greater quantities this in turn led to population boom. • Urbanization – Factories attracted many people to move from the country side to cities. • Cities grew in population as more people moved to take jobs in factories. As cities grew so did problems (overcrowding and pollution). • Goods were produced much more quickly and efficiently, and were more affordable to the average worker. The quality of life improved for many. • Manufacturers changed the way they marketed goods to people. People’s quality of life increased as more luxury goods were available to them.