FCE USE OF ENGLISH CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

1. FCE USE OF ENGLISH CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

2. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES:ZERO CONDITIONAL WHEN THE SUN SHINES. PEOPLE FEEL HAPPY IF YOU EAT THE RIGHT FOOD, YOU STAY HEALTHY IF YOU HEAT ICE. IT TURNS TO WATER Zero conditional are used to express “general truths”. ZERO CONDITIONALS use THE PRESENT TENSE in both parts of the sentence. Both parts of the sentence can be in either order.

3. 1.FIRST CONDITIONAL : (POSSIBLE SITUATIONS). The first conditional talks about possible future actions. The verb in the main clause is the PRESENT SIMPLE The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the future with WILL. (We can use other modal verbs such as can/ may) CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FIRST CONDITIONAL IF I have enough money next year, I’ll buy a house IF I have enough money next year, I can buy a house Do I have real possibilities of buying a house? YES

4. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 2ND CONDITIONAL IF I won the lotto, I’d give up work. IF I knew to speak French, I COULD work in France. Do I have real possibilities of giving up work? NO • 2. SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL SITUATIONS) • The second conditional talks about imaginary or unreal situations. • The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the SIMPLE PAST • The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the CONDITIONAL WITH WOULD. (We can use other modal verbs such as could/ might)

5. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 3RD CONDITIONAL IF I had called Tom before, he wouldn’t have come here in vane. IF she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the bus. Does she have any possibility of taking the bus on time? NO. THE ACTION IS PAST • 3. THIRD CONDITIONAL: (CONDITIONS IN THE PAST) • The third conditional expresses actions that could have been done in the past and it is impossible to do it in the present because the moment passed by. These conditional clauses are called IMPOSSIBLE conditional clauses because there’s nothing that the speaker can do to change the situation. • The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT • The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL (WOULD HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE)

6. 4. MIXED CONDITIONAL (2nd and 3rd CONDITIONALS): The mixed conditional is used to talk about actions that happened in the past that result in something that isn’t true or is true in the present . The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT CONDITIONAL (WOULD + INFINITIVE) CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: MIXED CONDITIONAL IF I you hadn’t stayed late last night, you wouldn’t be tired now.

8. CONDITIONAL CONJUNTIONS UNLESS: unless has a negativemeaning, so thecondition has anaffirmativeverb: Ifyoudon’thelp me, I wontpasstheexam. UNLESS I won’tpasstheexam UNLESS youhelp me. 2. AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED (THAT)/ PROVIDING (THAT) + any tense. Forstrongconditions. (si y solo si) As long asyoupassthisexam, youwillgotouniversity. I letyougooutprovided (that)you come back at twelve.

9. 2nd and 3rd CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FORMAL STRUCTURES: INVERSIONS 1. Normal Conditionals: If I hadenough time, I’dread more books. (2nd conditional) Ifwehadcalledearlier, we’dhavebookbetter tickets. (3rd conditional) 2. INVERSIONS: Had I enough time, I’dread more. Hadwecalledearlier, we’d…. WHAT HAPPENED? In formal language, English uses INVERSIONS withconditionalmeaningbykeepingthewordorder of the QUESTIONS: AUXILIARY VERB+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB. Wewould’thavemissedthe bus ifwehadleftearlier. LEFT Had…………………………………………………………., wewouldn’thaveleftthe bus. WE LEFT EARLIER

10. INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES + WHEN CLAUSE NORMAL SENTENCE: HARDLY we had left, WHEN the thieves broke into our house. INVERSION: HARDLY had we left, WHEN the thieves….. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

11. INVERSIONS IN ADVERBIAL SENTENCES NORMAL SENTENCE: I rarely eat pasta before going to bed. I’ve never heard such an unbelievable story before . INVERSIONS: RARELYdo I eat pasta…. NEVER HAVE I HEARD such an unbelievable….. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

12. INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL WORDS/PHRASES WITH NOT ONLY….BUT ALSO….. Example: Not only you arrived late, but also you made a lot of noise. INVERSION (only the 1st adverbial clause): Not only DID you arrive late, but also you made….. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

13. INVERSIONS WITH OTHER ADVERBIAL WORDS/PHRASES WITH NO SOONER…..THAN…. Example: NO SOONER WE HAD SET OUT, THAN we got a flat tyre. INVERSION (only the adverbial clause): NO SOONER HAD WE SET OUT, THAN…. REMEMBER: INVERSIONS USE THE QUESTION FORM OF THE VERB

14. CONDITIONALS: PRACTICE She remembers Lucy’s birthday because Kate reminds her every year If……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. We are going to the concert because Tim comes with us If……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. They don’t speak to Sara since they are angry with her. If……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. You can’t leave if you don’t finish your homework. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… IF KATE DIDN’T REMIND HER LUCY’S BIRTHDAY, SHE WOULDN’T REMEMBER IT TOM DIDN’T COME WITH US WE WOULD NOT GO TO HE CONCERT THEY WEREN’T ANGRY WITH SARA, HEY WOULD SPEAK TO HER YOU CAN’T LEAVE UNLESS YOU FINISH YOUR HOMEWORK

15. USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS 1.Parking is impossible if you arrive late. ARRIVE It’s impossible to park…………………….……………. ……..early. 2. We are cold because we forgot to bring our coats. IF We…………………………………….we hadn’t forgotten our coats. 3. This mistake was caused by you being careless MADE If you hadn’t been careless, you ……………………………………..the mistake. UNLESS YOU ARRIVE WOULDN’T BE COLD IF WOULD NOT HAVE MADE

16. 5. I might go to live in Australia but I’ll have to find a job first. PROVIDED I won’t live in Australia……………………………………………..a job first 6. It doesn’t matter if it rains cats and dogs tomorrow because we are going to play the match anyway. EVEN We’ll play the match ………………………………………cats and dogs. 7.You didn’t call me and that’s why you don’t know about the party. KNOW If you had called me, ………………………………………………….about the party. USE OF ENGLISH, PART 4. CONDITIONALS PROVIDED (THAT) I FIND EVEN IF IT RAINS YOU WOULD KNOW