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The Impact of Experience and Social Dominance on Reducing Disability Prejudice

This study explores the influence of personal experiences and social dominance orientation on attitudes towards individuals with physical disabilities. Findings support intergroup contact theory and highlight the role of SDO in shaping attitudes. The study emphasizes the importance of fostering positive experiences and challenging social dominance attitudes to reduce prejudice.

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The Impact of Experience and Social Dominance on Reducing Disability Prejudice

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  1. The Influence of Experience and SOcial Dominance Orientation on Reduction of Prejudice Towards People with Physical Disabilities • Tierza Loskota • Kerry Kleyman, Ph.d.

  2. Introduction • The problem of stigmatization and exclusion towards people with disabilities on employment opportunities • The purpose of the current study

  3. Intergroup contact theory • Allport’s (1954) four optimal conditions • Meta-analytic review of 515 studies demonstrate empirical support of intergroup contact theory (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2001)

  4. Social DominanceTheory • Social dominance orientation (Pratto et al., 1994) • Social forces that exert an influence on SDO

  5. Attitudes • Three types of attitude responses: beliefs, affect, and cognition • Behavior can shape attitudes • Attitudes can shape behavior

  6. Attitudes towards people with disabilities • Attitudes and socialization towards people with disabilities begins as early as age 5 • Attitudes of employers versus consumers

  7. The current study • Hypothesis 1: Pleasant or unpleasant experiences with people that have physical disabilities will predict current attitudes towards people with physical disabilities • Hypothesis 2: The participant’s individual difference variable of SDO will moderate the relationship between experience and current attitudes towards people with physical disabilities

  8. Method • 143 participants: 75% female, 32% of participants had no experience with people that had disabilities, and the average age was 38 (SD=14) • Instruments: • 1. Empowerment and Exclusion subscales of Community Living Attitudes scale • 2. Integration-Segregation, Social Distance, and Subtle Derogatory Beliefs subscales of the MRAI

  9. Method Continued • 3. Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale-short form • 4. Social dominance orientation scale • 5. Previous experience with people that have physical disabilities and demographics inventory

  10. Results • A Factor Analysis Found That The Internal Reliabilities Are: • 1. Social dominance orientation α = .830 • 2. MRAI Integration-Segregation α = .724 • 3. MRAI Social Distance α = .653 • 4. MRAI Subtle Derogatory Beliefs α = .751 • 5. CLA Empowerment α = .778 • 6. CLA Exclusion α = .784

  11. Results • A MANCOVA was run to test the relationship between SDO and previous experience with people that have physical disabilities, while controlling for the covariates of gender and age • Main effects were found for SDO on all five attitudes subscales • Main effects were also found for previous experience on all five attitude subscales

  12. Results • An interaction was also found between previous experience, and SDO, on attitudes towards social distance • F(1,122) = 4.754, p < .05, η² = .038.

  13. Figure 1 • Main Effect: Experience and Attitudes

  14. Figure 2 • Main Effect: SDO and Attitudes

  15. Figure 3: Social Distance Attitudes • Interaction between SDO and Experience on Social Distance Attitudes

  16. Discussion • Implications: Importance of the four optimal conditions of intergroup contact theory and support for the influence of SDO on attitudes towards people with physical disabilities, especially in attitudes towards social distance • Limitations: Future studies should explore types of experience in greater depth

  17. Experiences at SPSP 2014 • What it was like... • What was learned... • Why it’s important...

  18. Experiences

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