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Academic Referencing

Academic Referencing. U. SAIDI 2013. HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM. Key. Surname (Sur). Book Title (BT). Initial (I). Year of Publication ( Yr ). Place of Publication (Place/City). Title of Article (TT). Volume (Vol.). Et. al (and other scholars).

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Academic Referencing

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  1. Academic Referencing U. SAIDI 2013 HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM

  2. Key Surname (Sur) Book Title (BT) Initial (I) Year of Publication (Yr) Place of Publication (Place/City) Title of Article (TT) Volume (Vol.) Et. al (and other scholars)

  3. OBJECTIVES • By the end of this lecture you should be able to • Identify information used in referencing. • Carry out intext referencing using Harvard style • Draw up a typical reference list (endtext) using Harvard.

  4. Introduction • In the previous lecture we noted the following; • That intext referencing is citation within the body of an essay, realised as either paraphrase or direct quotation. • That endtext is the by-product of intext which is the full presentation of information that allows us to identify sources used.

  5. What does Harvard say? • When we are paraphrasing? A source by ONE author Sur (Yr.) (Arrow representing information presented) e.g. Moyo (2010) argues that… A source by TWO authors Sur and Sur (Yr.) e.g. Moyo and Hunzvi (2010) disagree by saying… A source by THREE authors Sur, Sur and Sur (Yr.) e.g. Clark, Moyo and Hunzvi (2010) disagree by saying…

  6. A source by THREE/FOUR + authors Sur, et al. (Yr.) e.g. Moyo et. al (2013) argue that… EDITED SOURCES A source by ONE editor Sur (ed.) (Yr.) e.g. Moyo (ed.) (2000) argues that… A source by TWO editors Sur and Sur (eds.) (Yr.) e.g. Moyo and Ncube (eds.) (2001) argues that… A source by THREE editors Sur, Sur and Sur (eds.) (Yr.) e.g. Moyo, Ncube and Sur (eds.) (2001) argues that…

  7. A source by THREE/FOUR + editors Sur et al. (eds.) (Yr.) e.g. Clark et al. (eds.) (2001) argue that…

  8. When direct quoting A source by ONE author Sur (Yr:10) “ ” or indented. e.g. Moyo (2010:10) argues that… A source by TWO authors Sur and Sur (Yr:18) “ ” e.g. Moyo and Hunzvi (2010:18) disagree by saying… A source by THREE authors Sur, Sur and Sur (Yr:87) “ ” e.g. Clark, Moyo and Hunzvi (2010:87) disagree by saying…

  9. NB • By factoring PAGE NUMBERS in the Yr. bracket separated by colon [:] (where information is presented with quotation marks or indented) allows you to account for direct quotations. • Noting changes for edited sources; factor PAGE NUMBERS.

  10. ANY QUESTIONS?

  11. ENDTEXT • The Harvard Calls its endtext REFERENCE LIST • RULES TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN DRAWING UP A REFERENCE LIST 1. Sources should be presented on a fresh page 2. Do not NUMBER Sources instead arrange them in alphabetical order 3. All sources cited in the INTEXT should make a re-comeback. 4. Be Neat

  12. REFERENCE LIST Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. (Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. et al. (Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. et al. (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.

  13. Edited books Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (eds.)(Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (eds.) (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. (ed.) (Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. (ed.)(2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. and Sur, I. (eds.) (Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (eds.) (2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. et al. (eds.)(Yr.) BT, Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. et al. (eds.)(2010) Information, Gweru: Mambo Press.

  14. Articles (From Journals, Newspapers etc Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’, Journal Name Vol. No., Place: Publisher. Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (2010) ‘My Information’, Journal of Computers Vol.7. No.5, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’, Journal Name Vol. No., Place: Publisher. Moyo, P. (2010) ‘My Information’, Journal of Information Vol.6. No. 8, Gweru: Mambo Press. Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’, Name of Newspaper, Dates Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (2010) ‘My Information’, The Herald, 8 March 2013. Sur, I. et al. (Yr.) ‘TT’, Name of Magazine Volume Number: Publisher. Moyo, P. et al. (2010) ‘My Information’, Parade Issue 6 No. 8, Gweru: Mambo Press.

  15. ONLINE SOURCES Sur, I., Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’, [Online] Journal Name Vol. No., Web Moyo, P., Neyo, K. and Zuzu, D. (2010) ‘My Information’, [Online] Journal of Computers 7(5) Available at www.sagepub.com Accessed on 3 February 2013. Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’, [online] Journal Name Vol. No., Web address, date accessed. Moyo, P. (2010) ‘My Information’, [online] Journal of Information 6 (8) Available at www.sagepub.com Accessed on 8 March 2013. Sur, I. and Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’,[Online] Name of Newspaper, Dates, Web add, Date Accessed. Moyo, P. and Clark, C. (2010) ‘My Information’, [Online] The Herald, 8 March 2013, Available at www.theherald.co.zw Accessed on 7 March 2013. Sur, I. (Yr.) ‘TT’, [online] Journal Name Vol. No., doi. Moyo, P. (2010) ‘My Information’, [online] Journal of Information 6 (8) doi: 10.1177/1538192712441798.

  16. ANY QUESTIONS?

  17. Task • Draw up a TYPICAL reference list of the following sources using a reference system recommended in your area of study. (Indicate which reference system you have used). • Patrick, Redman, book, Good Essay Writing. Published by Sage in the British Capital, 2006. [2] • Reverend Edgar Keen edited a book called Natural Language. Published in 1988 by CUP, Cambridge. [2] • Prof. John Smith’s chapter called ‘One Hundred’ which appeared in Wil Jones’ edited book called Information about health. It is a brown book published by Oxford UP in Oxford whose address is 24356 Baker Street, Oxford. [2] • Mr. Gabriel Wringe’s article ‘How Students Fail’ appeared in the RELC JOURNAL Vol. 6. No. 8. Pages 120 to 230. [2]

  18. NEXT LECTURE • We are to carry referencing USING APA (American Psychological Association) and (MLA) Modern Languages Association ) • Please research in advance.

  19. HOMEWORK • Go into the library and look for the following sources • A book by one author • A book by four authors • A book edited by two scholars • A journal article by two scholars • A newspaper article by one author • A newsletter article by one author • One online source • A dissertation • A television programme • A song Q: DRAW UP A REFERENCE LIST USING HARVARD

  20. NB • Have you signed today’s register?

  21. Happy studying Until next time

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