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Chapter 20: A Nation of Cities

Chapter 20: A Nation of Cities. Growing Cities. 1850. 23 million people lived in the USA 20 million lived on farms, in towns, or villages 3.5 million lived in cities Increase from 15% to 40% in cities. 1900. Reasons for moving to cities. Exciting Many things to do Easier to find jobs

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Chapter 20: A Nation of Cities

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  1. Chapter 20: A Nation of Cities

  2. Growing Cities 1850 • 23 million people lived in the USA • 20 million lived on farms, in towns, or villages • 3.5 million lived in cities • Increase from 15% to 40% in cities 1900

  3. Reasons for moving to cities • Exciting • Many things to do • Easier to find jobs • Large factories needed worker. Cities specialized • Pittsburg, Pennsylvania  Steel • Cleveland, Ohio  Oil refining • Chicago, Illinois  meat-packing

  4. Working Conditions in Cities • Mass production • Competition was great • Did not have to pay high salaries • Poor working conditions • Safety was the workers responsibility • Children worked in factories

  5. Statue of Liberty • New York City Harbor • Given by France • “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.” Emma Lazarus

  6. Immigrants come to America • Seeking liberty • Seeking jobs • Seeking opportunity for a better life

  7. Coming to America • Most immigrants bought tickets in steerage • Below deck near the engines • Noisy, unhealthy, • Little food

  8. Immigrants Before 1880s • “Old Immigrants” • England, Ireland, • Germany Sweden, Norway • “New Immigrants” • Southern Europe • Russia, Poland, Greece, and Italy After 1880s

  9. Reasons for Coming to the USA • Wanted farmland (Homestead Act of 1862) • Escape unfair laws • Religious freedom Immigrants • Largest group—Italy • 2nd Largest group—Jewish immigrants • West coast immigrants--Asia

  10. Jane Addams • Hull House • Help immigrants • Set up nurseries, classes to train • Started labor unions

  11. Problems Immigrants faced • Few could speak English • Very poor • Worked hard jobs • Denied jobs because of nationality • Prejudice (a belief or action against someone because of race, sex, religion, or age) • Jim Crow Laws- Laws passed to keep African-Americans from voting • Plessy v. Ferguson- Upheld segregation

  12. City Living • Theaters • Dances and Music halls • Roller skating rinks

  13. Transportation • Horse-drawn trolleys • “Street cars” • Thomas Edison invented the electric motor

  14. F. W. Woolworths • Department store • Fixed rates

  15. Leisure Activities • Opera Houses • Symphony orchestras • Museums • Baseball • Basketball -Created by James Naismith (Springfield, Massachusetts) • Restaurants

  16. Tenements • 3 to 4 story buildings • Housed 8 to 10 families • 10 people living in one room • “dumbbell tenements”—32 families in each • Miserable conditions • Dark • Dreary • Poor ventilation • Very noisy • Inadequate fire escapes

  17. Jacob Riis • New York newspaper reporter • How the Other Half Lives • Cities were not prepared to deal with problems

  18. Helpful Groups • Salvation Army • Young Men’s and Women’s Club • Christian Associations

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