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SESAME: Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations EVG1-CT-2000-00026

SESAME: Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations EVG1-CT-2000-00026. The H/V Spectral Ratio Technique: Experimental Conditions, Data Processing and Empirical Reliability Assessment. K. Atakan 1 , A-M. Duval,

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SESAME: Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient Excitations EVG1-CT-2000-00026

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  1. SESAME: Site Effects Assessment Using Ambient ExcitationsEVG1-CT-2000-00026 The H/V Spectral Ratio Technique: Experimental Conditions, Data Processing and Empirical Reliability Assessment K. Atakan1, A-M. Duval, N. Theodulidis, B.Guillier, J-L.Chatelain, P-Y. Bard, and the SESAME Consortium 1 Department of Earth Science University of Bergen Allégt.41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway Tel: +47-55-583600 Fax: +47-55-583660 E-mail: atakan@geo.uib.no

  2. On the reliability of the H/V spectral ratio technique: Motivations • The reliability of the H/V technique is evaluated • systematically through the following aspects: • Experimental conditions • Data processing • Empirical evaluation SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  3. Experimental conditions • H/V technique: Experimental conditions • Objectives: • This part is dedicated to investigations on the • required experimental conditions (instrumental • characteristics, data acquisition, external conditions) • for warranting the stability and reproducebility of • measurements • Participants: • CETE, Nice • UJF/LGIT, Grenoble • UiB, Bergen • ITSAK, Thessaloniki • ICTE/UL, Lisbon • INGV, Rome SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  4. Experimental conditions • Description of the work: • Instrument calibration and testing, and comparison of the • instruments that are used in the project were completed, • following a dedicated workshop in Bergen, Norway • Assessment of the effects of the experimental conditions is • performed and a large number of tests are conducted • (see Poster 183 Paper ID 306). • Milestones and results: • Get together experiment for instrument calibration and testing • Field work for studying the influence of experimental conditions • Guidelines for measurements SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  5. Experimental Conditions:Examples of instrumentation from UiB GBV-316´s are used with different casing Data acquisition is a Pocket-PC based SEISLOG system SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  6. Experimental Conditions:Instrument tests Instrument tests in the lab SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026 Instrument tests in the free-field

  7. Sensor tests: seismometers vs accelerometers SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026 19 seismometers and 5 accelerometers

  8. Instrument comparisons: Lab vs free-field SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  9. Experimental Conditions Effect of weather conditions Reference Snow Rain and strong wind SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  10. Experimental Conditions Effect of ground coupling Pavement Grass Asphalt SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  11. Experimental Conditions • The aim is to evaluate the influence of various experimental conditions • on the H/V results. In total 58 different tests were performed and the • results are classified into three main categories: • The experimental conditions that do not influence the results • Those that influence the results • Those that may influence the results • Beyond some limits that can easily be controlled and set up • Beyond a limit where there is no control In order to reach a conlusion statistical tests (Student-t test) are applied systematically to all measurements and standard ”Technical cards” are produced SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  12. Experimental Conditions Technical card example SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  13. Experimental Conditions • Out of 58 different tests that were performed • 22 tests in general do not influence (OK) the H/V results • 17 tests may influence (May Infl.) the results • 13 tests show that the results influence the H/V ratios and are not recommended (N.R.) • 6 tests have not enough data (N.E.D) to reach a conclusion SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  14. Experimental Conditions • Following test results influence the H/V ratios and are not recommended (N.R.): • Some ground-sensor coupling conditions (gravel, karstic limestone, etc.) • Modified sensor coupling (i.e. artificial interface between the sensor and the ground) • Weather conditions (rain and especially wind) • Buried underground structures SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  15. Data Processing • H/V technique: Data processing • Objectives: • This part is devoted to investigations on the various data processing alternatives and produce a standard processing software based on the most robust alternative • Participants: • UiB, Bergen • UJF/LGIT, Grenoble • CNR-IRRS, Milano • ICTE/UL, Lisbon • ETH, Zurich • INGV, Rome • CETE, Nice • Résonance, Zurich SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  16. Data Processing • Description of the work: • Existing algoritms for each processing step were collected • The best (robustness-simplicity-resolution) solution for processing • is found based on comparisons with representative data sets • Design and implementation is done by a dedicated sub-group • Distributing for evaluation and review within consortium • Final version and user guidelines • Milestones and results: • Report with processing options • Report with these options on different noise data sets • Recommendations and software implementation (J-SESAME) • (see Poster 199 Paper ID 2270) SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  17. Data processing Software: J-SESAME H/V Software (J-SESAME) development is mainly done by: Browsing module (Bladimir Moreno, UiB Bergen) Window selection module (Pierre-Yves Bard, LGIT Grenoble) Processing module (Alberto Tento, CNR Milano; Fortunat Kind, ETHZ) Display module (Pedro Roquette, UL Lisbon) Testing of the processing module was performed by three groups taking in to account the machine dependence ad functionality. A specific parametric survey was conducted and some format conversion programs are developed: CETE, Nice (Etor Querendez, Anne-Marie Duval) INGV, Rome (Fabrizio Cara, Giuseppe Di Giulio, Giovanna Cultrera) IRD-LGIT, Grenoble (Jean-Luc Chatelain, Bertrand Guillier) SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  18. Data processing Software Browsing Module SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  19. Data processing Software Window Selection Module SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  20. Data processing Software Processing Module SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  21. Data processing Software Display Module SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  22. Data processing Software Display Module SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  23. Empirical evaluation • H/V technique: Empirical evaluation • Objectives: • Systematically evaluate and compare • (using the J-SESAME software developed) the H/V • ratios with other more reliable estimates (reference site). • Compare H/V results with observed damage • on recent earthquakes • Participants: • ITSAK, Thessaloniki • UJF/LGIT, Grenoble • UiB, Bergen • ETH, Zurich • ICTE/UL, Lisbon • INGV, Rome • CNR-IRRS, Milano • CETE, Nice SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  24. Empirical evaluation • Description of the work: • Collecting existing data sets (earthquake and noise) • Perform experimental measurements and processing of • ambient vibrations at selected sites • Systematic comparisons with weak- and strong-motion data • as well as damage disribution in urban areas • Comparing experimentally and theoretically estimated • transfer functions with H/V ratios • Milestones and results: • Collection of different data sets • Report on the experimental measurement results • Comparison of the results (noise vs other data sets) • (see Poster 200 Paper ID 2323) SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  25. Empirical evaluation SESAME Standard Information Sheets (SIS) A relational database is created storing the standardized information for each experiment´s data set Data are collected from: EQ + Noise 200 sites EQ + damage + noise 6 locations SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  26. Empirical evaluation S IT E NA ME S IS E V E NTS REC ORDS IN ST ITUTE I T S A K S . M. N E T W O RK 6 3 2 8 8 4 9 2 E U R O SE IS TES T 7 5 6 2 4 7 ING V BE N E V E N T O 6 4 2 1 8 8 C A T ANI A 3 3 1 8 5 C I TT A- C A ST E LL O 1 5 1 0 1 4 0 V ERC HIA N O 9 1 5 1 2 2 C O LF IO R I T O 3 2 3 6 9 C N R F A BR IANNO 6 8 1 3 2 6 PR E D AP P IO 1 8 1 2 8 1 2 3 0 R OV ETT A 4 1 4 4 4 L GI T NI CE 5 1 6 5 7 EBR ON 4 1 6 6 7 GU A D E L U P E 7 1 7 8 5 TE H R AN 1 4 1 4 9 1 3 4 7 L OU R D ES 1 0 2 1 1 4 9 G RE NO BLE 1 5 3 1 2 0 8 S -M N ETW O R K ET H Z 2 2 6 2 1 1 5 T O T A L 2 1 1 1 2 2 7 5 1 9 4 SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  27. Empirical evaluation SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  28. Empirical evaluation a m l 1 - N / Z - r u n 1 0 10 H/V H/V ) v / h ( 1 1 1 1 10 f r e q . ( H z ) a r g 1 - N / Z - r u n 1 0 10 ) v / h ( 1 1 10 1 10 1 10 f r e q . ( H z ) Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz) Comparison between the H/V ratios of noise (black) and earthquake (red) data from two sites in Greece. SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  29. Conclusions • Instrumental and experimental conditions, which may influence the H/V ratios are identified. Among the 58 different experimental conditions 13 gave clear influence. The most critical seems to be the effect of wind. • Dedicated software (J-SESAME) is developed to allow standard processing routines. • A database of earthquake and noise records are compiled for comparison. Standard Information Sheets (SIS) are prepared for easy access. SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  30. Conclusions • Correlations that were performed between the H/V ratios and near-surface geology gave promising results. However, correlation with damage seems difficult to obtain due to the complex nature of damage distribution. • Guidelines are being prepared for the use of H/V spectral ratio technique, including experimental factors affecting the results, the standardized processing software with a user manual and recommendations with regard to the empirical evaluation. • In parallel to the work presented here, within the SESAME project numerical simulations are also perfomed to better understand the nature of the noise field and to investigate the actual capability of H/V technique to retrieve useful information on site conditions. SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  31. SESAME Project Main results and reports on the ongoing work can be found at the SESAME Project web-site: http://sesame-fp5.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr See also the Posters 183,199 and 200 SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  32. SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  33. Experimental Conditions SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  34. Experimental Conditions SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  35. Experimental Conditions SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

  36. Experimental Conditions SESAME EC-RDG EVG1-CT-2000-00026

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