Standard 4.4- Effects of Reconstruction, 13 th -15 th Amendments

1. Standard 4.4- Effects of Reconstruction, 13th-15th Amendments

2. Ten Percent Plan (1863) Proposed by: President Abraham Lincoln Conditions for former Confederate states to rejoin the Union: • Ten percent of voters must swear loyalty to the Union. • Must abolish slavery.

3. Andrew Johnson’s Plan (1865) Proposed by: Andrew Johnson Conditions for former Confederate states to rejoin Union: • Majority of white men must swear loyalty. • Must ratify Thirteenth Amendment. • Former Confederate officials may vote and hold office.

4. Freedmen's Bureau • Gave food and clothing to former slaves. • Tried to find jobs for freedmen. • Helped poor whites as well. • Provided medical care for over 1 million people.

5. Poll Taxes: required voters to pay a fee each time they voted… Freedmen could rarely afford to vote. Literacy Tests: required voters to read in order to vote. Freedmen had little education. Grandfather Clauses: If voters father or grandfather had been eligible to vote in 1867 the voter did not have to take the literacy test. This increased the number of eligible white voters. Black Codes

6. Reconstruction Act (1867) Proposed by: Radical Republicans in Congress Conditions for former Confederate states to rejoin Union: • Must disband state governments. • Must write new constitutions. • Must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. • African Americans must be allowed to vote. • Johnson was impeached

7. Thirteenth Amendment Freed slaves in the United States

8. Fourteenth Amendment • Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States. This gave most African Americans citizenship. • Guaranteed equal protection of the laws. • Declared that no state could “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

9. Fifteenth Amendment Forbade any state to deny African Americans the right to vote because of their race. 1870

10. Political effects in South Freedmen were allowed to vote, so many African Americans were in state legislatures. Northerners came down as missionaries & entrepreneurs so whites called them carpetbaggers Others were southern born scalawags who wanted to cooperate and rebuild the South Public education but segregated Depended on sharecropping in South instead of slavery (economically depressed )

11. Election of 1876 Rutherford Hayes vs. Tilden (Democrat) Led to Compromise of 1877 and withdrawal of troops from the South—Democratic congress got things like building a railroad, improving harbors and have a conservative Southerner in his cabinet. In return they appointed Hayes a Republican African Americans were left to fend for themselves. Ended Reconstruction

12. Standard 4.5- Progress made by African Americans, then reversed by Reconstruction’s End

13. Standard 4-5 • A.Economic Gain- very little economic gain for blacks (sharecropping didn’t work for them) • B. Political Gains • After 15th amendment, blacks served in Congress & local legislature • Federal troops in South made it where blacks could still vote (Klu Klux Klan & other groups tried to intimidate)

14. Standard 4-5 • C. Social Gains of Blacks • Reunited with families but stayed in South • Formed churches • Freedom’s Bureau helped protect blacks and gave education (Black Colleges founded- Booker T. Washington: Tuskegee Institute) ***Southern states did away with carrying out 14th/15th amendment after Reconstruction. *** Segregation through things like Plessy v. Ferguson, Jim Crow Laws drove a wedge into the movement of equality.

15. Plessy v. Ferguson The Supreme Courts decision ruled that segregation was legal so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal…