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FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600)

FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600). Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81). Hostile Arabs control mkts. No one wants Eur. goods. Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia. Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources.

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FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600)

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  1. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $ Costly shipwrecks Decline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Dutch take over Far East trade (FC.93)

  2. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Problems facing Port. in India? The line of Demarcation drawn by the pope for the Treaty of Tordesillas. Anything west of that line belonged to Spain to claim. Anything east of it was Portugal’s. The question was: where does it come out on the other side? To know that required knowing how large the earth really was (and still is).

  3. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts

  4. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese solution?

  5. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade

  6. Amazingly, just when things again looked hopeless for the Portuguese, Godzilla showed up and helped them sink the Arab fleet in return for an entire shipload of hawkbells that they ate for the zinc.

  7. FC.59B AN ALTERNATE HISTORY OF JAPAN (4200 BCE-PRESENT) Lots of fish to eat Lots of zinc Mild climate Lots of volcanoes Silvery coats for monsters Get more dates Dig up more zinc Monster population rises Competition w/stupid humanoids Good for hatching monster eggs

  8. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Geogr. Problem for Portuguese?

  9. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portugal’s manpower & resources?

  10. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Name of Portuguese leader & what strategy did he follow?

  11. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Main base in India? Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf How many ships did he do it with? Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands

  12. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic Alfonse de Albuquerque 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr.  Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf How many ships did he do it with? Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Did he successfully cut off Persian Gulf? Goa Ormuz Persian Gulf

  13. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic Alfonse de Albuquerque 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr.  Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf How many ships did he do it with? Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands How many ships did he do it with? Aden Ormuz Ormuz

  14. Although he took Ormuz in 1506, Albuquerque was forced to abandon it. He returned in 1515 with 27 ships and an army. After taking it a second time, he built the Fort of Our Lady of the Conception. The Portuguese held Ormuz until 1622 when combined Anglo-Persian force took it to open trade between England and Persia.

  15. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic Alfonse de Albuquerque 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr.  Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr -Took Ormuz w/6 ships FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Did he successfully cut off Red Sea? Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Socotra Aden Ormuz

  16. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic Alfonse de Albuquerque 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr.  Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr -Took Ormuz w/6 ships FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Molucca Straits & Spice Islands? Aden Straits of Molucca

  17. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation  Spain explores W. & Portugal explores E -Cabral's exped (1500)  Disc. Brazil & hammock -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic Alfonse de Albuquerque 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr.  Controlled horse trade - Bad winds 1/2 yr -Took Ormuz w/6 ships 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get Malacca Straits  Moluccas (1513)  Control Spice Trade -Blackmail & escorts FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands

  18. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Trade with China? Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Map showing extent of the Portuguese Emp. in 1500s

  19. 1. Sp. take silver from Peru to Panama 1.Portuguese sail to Spice Islands & trade Eur. goods for spices Portuguese routes Spanish routes

  20. 2. Sp. Take 1/2 silver across Pacific to Philippines 2. Sp. Take 1/2 silver across Pacific to Philippines 2. Portuguese sail to Philippines Portuguese routes Spanish routes

  21. 3. Sp. Trade Am. Silver to Port. For Chin. Goods in Philippines Portuguese routes Spanish routes

  22. 4.Sp. take spices back across Pacific in grueling 4-7 month voyage 4.Sp. take spices back across Pacific in grueling 4-7 month voyage 4. Portuguese sail to China & trade Sp-Am silver for Chinese goods Portuguese routes Spanish routes

  23. 5.Portuguese sail to Spice Islands & trade Sp-Am silver & Chinese goods for spices 5. Portage spices & 1./2 silver across Panama Portuguese routes Spanish routes

  24. 6. Sp. take spices & 1/2 silver across Atl. to Sp. 6. Portuguese take spices back to Europe for sale

  25. 3. Sp. Trade Am. Silver to Port. For Chin. Goods in Philippines 6. . take spices & 1/2 silver across Atl. to Sp. 4. Portuguese trade Sp-Am silver for Chinese goods 4.Sp. take spices back across Pacific in grueling 4-7 month voyage 5. Portage spices & 1./2 silver across Panama 2. Sp. Take 1/2 silver across Pacific to Philippines 2. Portuguese sail to Philippines 2 2. Sp. Take 1/2 silver across Pacific to Philippines 6. Portuguese take spices back to Europe for sale 1. Sp. take silver from Peru to Panama 1.Portuguese trade Eur. goods for spices in Spice Islands Portuguese routes Spanish routes 5.Portuguese trade Sp-Am silver & Chinese goods for spices in Spice Islands

  26. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk How long did it take the Spanish to cross the Pacific & how long to return?

  27. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk

  28. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India

  29. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Relations with the locals? Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Forts & ships?

  30. One thing that made matters harder for the Portuguese was their intolerance for other religions. Acts such as the destruction of an ancient Buddhist temple in Sri Lanka (AKA Ceylon) in 1507 depicted below unnecessarily made them more enemies than they needed.

  31. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Ability to handle money? Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe

  32. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Forts & ships?

  33. The Portuguese fort at Vasai, about 50 km north of modern Mumbai. After several damaging raids, the Portuguese overran the original fort and town, a thriving trade center, in 1534. Later in the century they rebuilt it in the best tradition of European forts of the day, giving it 10 bastions. This fort, renamed Baçaim, was especially expensive, since it encompassed the entire town.

  34. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Portugal’s ability to handle this?

  35. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources

  36. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors How did they deal w/ship maintenance?

  37. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors How did they deal w/lost crewmen?

  38. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors To make up for low number of ships?

  39. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $

  40. Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $

  41. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $ Decline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Who takes over? Costly shipwrecks Decline of Portuguese Emp. by 1600 Who takes over?

  42. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $ Costly shipwrecks Decline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Dutch take over Far East trade (FC.93)

  43. 1494-Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of Demarcation •  Spain explores W. & Portugal • explores E • -Cabral's exped (1500) •  Disc. Brazil & hammock • -Lost 4/10 ships crossing Atlantic • Alfonse de Albuquerque • 1510- Took Goa w/help of local pr. •  Controlled horse trade • - Bad winds 1/2 yr • -Took Ormuz w/6 ships • 1511- Took forces out of Goa to get • Malacca Straits •  Moluccas (1513) •  Control Spice Trade • -Blackmail & escorts • 3 way trade b/w Sp. In Phil’s w/Am. silver, China (silk & porcelain), & Portug. middlemen w/spices • -Acapulco to Manila: • - 8-10 wks; • - 4-7 months back • -Late 1500s, 1/2 Amer silver went • across Pac. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $ Costly shipwrecks Decline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Dutch take over Far East trade (FC.93)

  44. FC.82 THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE IN EAST ASIA (1498-c.1600) Portuguese reach India in 1498 & 1500 (FC.81) Hostile Arabs control mkts No one wants Eur. goods Long distance b/w Eur. & Asia Portugal’s ltd. pop. & resources Portuguese return (1502) w/artillery on their big ships  Defeat two Arab fleets & force Indians to trade Portuguese, under Alfonse De Albuquerque seize strategic points & straits to blockade Arabs & control spice trade: Seize Goa as their main base in India Seize Ormuz to cut off Persian Gulf Fail to seize Aden & cut off Red Sea Get Molucca Straits & Spice Islands Reach China (1513) & act as middlemen trading Spanish-Amer. Silver for Chinese silk Portugal controls much of Asian spice & silk trade, but at huge cost: Expensive wars & hostility of Muslim Mughal Emp. in India Portugal expels Jews No MC to handle $  Spices go to Antwerp Costly & hard to maintain Asian forts & fleet from Europe Huge drain on Portugal’s ltd. popul. & resources Drastic cost-cutting measures: Cut corners by not maintaining their ships Hire half-trained Native crews to replace lost Eur. sailors Overpack ships with spices to make more $ Costly shipwrecks Decline of Portuguese Emp. B y 1600 Dutch take over Far East trade (FC.93)

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