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Independence Movements

Independence Movements. China: Civil War. Agenda 3/20/14. Warm-up and Review Homework Quiz on World War II Notes on China Civil War Venn Diagram Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War Syrian Civil War. Chinese Civil War (1927-1949).

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Independence Movements

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  1. Independence Movements China: Civil War

  2. Agenda 3/20/14 Warm-up and Review Homework Quiz on World War II Notes on China Civil War Venn Diagram Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War Syrian Civil War

  3. Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) • 1912 – Nationalists overthrew the Qing dynasty which had ruled China since 1644 • 1912 – Sun Yixianbecame the President of China (goals – end to foreign control, democracy, and economic security for all Chinese) – ineffective leader • 1913 – Yuan Shikai (a powerful general) became President of China – ruled as a military dictator (sparked revolts throughout China – period of instability)

  4. Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) • May 4, 1919 (May Fourth Movement) – After hearing about the Versailles Treaty, many students, workers, manufacturers, shopkeepers, and professionals protested Western influence/democracy in China and opted for Lenin’s brand of Soviet communism • While the Communist Party was forming, Sun Yixian and his Nationalist Party set up a government in South China 1911 Revolution

  5. Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) • April 1927 – Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists attacked the Communists in Shanghai • 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of the Nationalist Republic of China • 1927-1949 – Civil War between Nationalists and Communists

  6. Nationalists • Leader - Chiang Kai-shek • Area Ruled - Southern China • Foreign Support - United States • Public Support - Weak due to inflation and failing economy • Military Organization - Ineffective, corrupt leadership and poor morale

  7. Communists • Leader - Mao Zedong • Area Ruled -Northern China • Foreign Support -Soviet Union • Public Support -Strong due to promised land reform • Military Organization - Experienced, motivated guerilla army

  8. Two Chinas Emerge • China had split into two nations – Island of Taiwan (Nationalist China) and the People’s Republic of China (mainland China) • Chiang Kai-shek – ruler of Nationalist China • Mao Zedong – ruler of People’s Republic of China

  9. Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) • abandon the Soviet model of economic development • people’s communes • •unrealistic output targets • industry • agricultural and human disaster Great Leap Forward

  10. Cultural Revolution • Mao’s goal was to get rid of privilege ruling class • Mao issued reforms meant to erase all traces of Western Influence Cultural Revolution

  11. Cultural Revolution • Mao’s Little Red Book, a collection of teachings on communism, became a popular symbol of the Cultural Revolution • The whole plan failed miserably in advancing China socially or economically

  12. After Mao’s Death • XengDiapong • Took over after Mao’s Death • Reformed China’s economy to a market economy • Continued communist control of government

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