Middle Eastern Independence Movements

1. Middle Eastern Independence Movements What types of governments form in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia?

2. Kemal brings democracy to Turkey making it a republic (1923), begins industrialization Turkey • Mustafa Kemal defeats Greek invaders, named President of Turkey 2. Sets up western legal system, no Islamic Law (secular society) 3. Grants women the right to vote/hold office • Turkish people give Kemal the nickname “Ataturk”(father of the Turks)

3. Iran • Reza Pahlavi leads revolution & overthrows the Shah • 1925: Shah (King) of Persia allows Britain to gain more influence, causing a nationalist revolution • Industrializes Persia, uses western legal sys., gives women rights 2. Names himself Shah and turns Persia into a totalitarian government 3. Changes the name of Persia to Iran Overthrown

4. Saudi Arabia • Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud uses nationalism to unite Arabia • Names himself King of Arabia (1926) • Keeps Islamic law instead of western law • Limits industrialization, no wom. rights, no democracy • Changes name to Saudi Arabia (to reflect his name) Discovery of Oil in the Middle East • 1908: Oil discovered in the Middle East (2/3 of world’s oil) $ $ • US & Britain want more influence in the region Turn to page 457 1. In which country is most Middle Eastern oil found? 2. What waterway will be important for transporting oil? 3. Which non-middle Eastern country also has oil?

5. Mustafa Kemal Greeks western Islamic Law Fill in the blanks with appropriate vocabulary After the 1__________try to invade Turkey,2 _____________ became the new leader. He set up a 3 _______style government and legal system. Kemal also eliminated 4___________ from national law making Turkey a 5_______ society. In Persia, 6_______________ overthrows the weak 7_____ who was being influenced by 8________. He westernizes Persia in many ways except for the 9___________. Instead he becomes the new Shah. In Saudi Arabia, 10________________ attempts to unite all of the Arabian kingdoms into one country. He succeeds and names himself king. Saud keeps Islamic law and does little11 ______________and promotes few rights for 12___________. Shah – Islamic law – western – Britain – Abd al-Aziz Saud – women - government – industrialization – Greeks – Secular – Reza Pahlavi- Mustafa Kemal secular Reza Pahlavi Shah Britain government Abd al-Aziz Saud industrialization women