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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Basic Structure. Viral envelope – lipid bilayer; glycoproteins protrude from surface

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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  1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. Basic Structure • Viral envelope – lipid bilayer; glycoproteins protrude from surface • Glycoproteins enable virus to recognize surface proteins of special immune cells and to enter the cell (like a key to the cell’s door) • 2 strands RNA – only 9 genes; 3 are found in many viruses (structural proteins) • Reverse Transcriptase – turns RNA into DNA (this makes HIV a retrovirus); DNA instructs cell to make more viruses www.assignmentpoint.com

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  4. HIV Making Factories • Virus enters cell through endocytosis • Virus replicates RNA to DNA with reverse transcriptase www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. mRNA is created (carries instructions for making new viral proteins) and leaves nucleus • Uses host cell’s enzymes to make new viruses • DNA enters nucleus & binds with host DNA • New virions exit cell through exocytosis to infect other cells (notice cell isn’t destroyed) www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. How Is HIV Spread? • Sexual contact • Sharing contaminated needles • Blood transfusions • Breast feeding (mother to baby) • Mother to baby during pregnancy or birth www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. Think about it… • In the US, there is better than a 1/1000 chance of contracting HIV during unprotected sex • A person can be contagious for more than 10 years before any sign of the disease is apparent • HIV becomes AIDS when the number of immune cells drops below a predetermined number • No one dies from HIV or AIDS; people die from secondary infections (ranging from the common cold to cancer) • More than 3 million people (size of Chicago) die each year • There are approx. 14,000 new cases of HIV worldwide every day www.assignmentpoint.com

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