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Environmental Injuries

Environmental Injuries. Properties of Heat. Radiation Conduction Convection Evaporation. How the Body Cools. Afferent Input Brain Efferent Response Change in Core temp. Temperature Regulation. How does the body respond? To cold To heat

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Environmental Injuries

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  1. Environmental Injuries

  2. Properties of Heat • Radiation • Conduction • Convection • Evaporation

  3. How the Body Cools • Afferent Input • Brain • Efferent Response • Change in Core temp

  4. Temperature Regulation • How does the body respond? • To cold • To heat • What happens to blood flow during exercise? Cell volume? • What happens to O2 consumption? 1% of body weight lost from sweat = rise in BT by .5 degrees, inc. HR of 3-5 BPM

  5. Ambient Temp Influence • What is the critical component? • DT, RH, BGT? • Up to 950F or RH <75%, body does well with sweat evaporation • What happens when RH is 100% ?

  6. Acclimatization • Acclimation vs Acclimatization • What physiological effects occur? • ATP • Cardiac Output • Sweat threshold, sweat volume • Heat removal, core temperature • Renal function (salt levels, plasma volume)

  7. Clinical Evaluation • You must know the athlete • You must know current and prior environmental conditions • Predisposing conditions

  8. The Process • History • Weight loss history, recent illness, nutrition, body build, conditioning level • Inspection • Skin color, muscle tone, pupil response • Palpation – skin temperature • Functional testing • Pulse, BP, resp. rate, alertness, urinalysis

  9. Types of Heat Injuries • Heat cramps – Spasms in the LE • Causes: electrolyte depletion, excessive sweating • Heat syncope - LOC • Heat exhaustion – sudden, extreme fatigue • Loss of Na, electrolytes, & water • Heat stroke – shutdown of thermoregulatory sys. • BT>1050 • Classic: infants & elderly • Exertional: athletes

  10. Cold Injuries • Hypothermia Mild: • Core temp. between 900F and 940F Severe: • Core below 900 • Potential fatality • Frostbite • Exposure of skin to below freezing temps.

  11. Wind Chill • See Table 19-7 • Wind Chill Factor Index

  12. Treatment Strategies - HEAT • Heat Cramps – rehydrate (IV) & stretching • Heat Syncope – elevate legs, remove to shade, rehydrate • Heat Exhaustion – remove excess clothing, immediate cooling, rehydrate, refer to MD • Heat Stroke – remove excess clothing, immerse in ice bath, monitor vitals, 911

  13. Treatment Strategies - COLD • Hypothermia – remove wet clothing, dry off body, re-dress & wrap in blanket, Prevent from sleeping! • Frostbite – immerse in warm tub, non WB for 24-48 hrs

  14. Injury Prevention • Acclimation • Nutrition • Hydration • Environmental Extremes • Clothing • Rest

  15. WBGT Index WBGT 0.7 x WBT + 0.2 x BGT + 0.1 x DT

  16. Rehydration Strategies • Pre-event • 2 hrs. prior: 20 oz • 10 min. prior: 10 oz • During event • 10 oz. Every 20 mins. • Post-exercise • Replace H2O, carbos and electrolytes during 2 hrs. post event

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