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Fungi

Fungi. PURPLE CORAL FUNGUS Clavaria. RUBBER CUP FUNGUS Sarcosorna. SULFUR SHELF FUNGUS Polyporus. TRUMPET CHANTARELLE Caraterellus. SCARLET HOOD Hygrophorus. BIG LAUGHING MUSHROOM Gymnophilus. The light red coral Fungus, Ramaria. The shelf Fungus, Polyporus. A.ocreata

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi

  2. PURPLE CORAL FUNGUSClavaria RUBBER CUP FUNGUSSarcosorna SULFUR SHELF FUNGUSPolyporus TRUMPET CHANTARELLECaraterellus SCARLET HOODHygrophorus BIG LAUGHING MUSHROOMGymnophilus

  3. The light red coral Fungus, Ramaria The shelf Fungus, Polyporus

  4. A.ocreata Very poisonous Fly Agaric mushroom, Amanita muscaria Causes hallucinations when eaten.

  5. Key Concepts: Fungi are heterotrophs Fungi and bacteria are the decomposers of the biosphere Fungal enzymes are secreted outside their body which digest food Most fungi are multicelled Fungal spores develop from hyphae Many fungi are symbionts with other organisms

  6. Characteristics of Fungi Premier decomposers Heterotrophs Extracellular digestion Absorption of products Saprophytic Parasitic

  7. Major Groups of Fungi • Zygomycota • Ascomycota • Basidiomycota • Life Cycles • Asexually most often • Spores • Mycelium • Hyphae • Chitin

  8. zygospore (2n) Diploid Stage nuclear fusion meiosis 50 µm Haploid Stage spores (n) Zygospore Spore sac germinating zygospore young zygospore mycelium develops from germinated spore spores (n) gametangia fusing stolon rhizoids ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION (mitosis) contact between hyphae of two mating strains

  9. Spores and More Spores • Sexual or asexual • Temperature dependent • Moisture dependent • Zygosporangium • Basidiospores • Ascospores Sarcoscypha coccinia

  10. ascospore (sexual spore) spore sac Morels ascoscarp ascoscarp spore-bearing hypha of this ascoscarp conidia (chains of asexual spores) budding yeast cell

  11. Other Sac Fungi • Molds • Penicillium • Penicillin • Camembert and Roquefort cheeses • Aspergillus • Soy sauce • Soft drinks - citric acid • Yeasts • Saccharomyces cerevisiae • Bread, wine and beer • Candida albicans • Infections

  12. Beneficial Associations Between Fungi and Plants • Symbiosis • Mutualism • Lichen • Fungus and photosynthetic organism

  13. Old Man’s Beard Usnea Leaf-like Erect branching Lichen Cladonia rangiferina

  14. Lichens

  15. dispersal fragment (cells of mycobiont and of photobiont) cortex (outer layer of mycobiont) photobionts medulla (inner layer of loosley woven hyphae) cortex

  16. Other Symbiotic Relationships • Mycorrhiza • Young tree roots • Mutualistic • Fungi as clues to the environment • Decline correlate with rise in air pollution • Fungi and disease • Histoplasmosis • Poisonings • Skin infections • Pneumocystis carinii

  17. Athlete’s foot –Epidermophyton floccosum Apple scab- Venturia inaequalis

  18. Reproductive structures of Pilobolus

  19. Some Pathogenic and Toxic Fungi Basidiomycetes • Puccinia graminis Wheat Rust • Ustilago maydis Corn Smut Zygomycetes Rhizopus - Food spoilage Ascomycetes Ajeliomyces capsulatus-Histoplasmosis Aspergillus – sinus, ear, lung infection Microsporium sp. Various ringworms. Verticillium spPlant wilt Monilinia fructicola- Brown Rot of Peaches

  20. In Conclusion Fungi are heterotrophs and major decomposers Most fungi are multicellular The main groups of fungi are the Zygomycetes, the Ascomycetes, and the Basidiomycetes Fungi are classified by the type of spores they produce

  21. In Conclusion Most fungi can produce sexual and asexual spores Lichen are mutualistic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism developed by M. Roig

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