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Anatomy & Kinesiology

Anatomy & Kinesiology. Part I: the Spine. Jan McElroy PT, MS, PCS 2009 Do not copy without permission. SPINE. Also called the vertebral column. Trunk: skeletal system. Overview. In the spine there are 33 vertebral segments: 7 cervical vertebrae ( C1-7 ) 12 thoracic vertebrae

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Anatomy & Kinesiology

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  1. Anatomy & Kinesiology Part I: the Spine Jan McElroy PT, MS, PCS 2009 Do not copy without permission

  2. SPINE Also called the vertebral column

  3. Trunk: skeletal system

  4. Overview In the spine there are 33 vertebral segments: 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-7) 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-12) 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-5) 5 sacral vertebrae (fused into a single bone called the sacrum) 4 coccygeal bones (fused into a single bone called the coccyx or tail bone) Cervical C1-7 Thoracic T1-12 Lumbar L1-5 Sacrum Coccyx

  5. vertebrae The vertebrae belonging to each section of the spine have specific morphologic characteristics which are related to the function of the region. cervical vertebra thoracic vertebra lumbar vertebra From: McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Abrahams, Gutchings, Marks, 4th edition

  6. vertebrae However, all vertebrae are composed of the same basic parts: vertebral body pedicle (one on each side) transverse process (one on each side) spinous process articular surface for facet lamina (one on each side) vertebral foramen thoracic vertebra 4 3 5 7 2 1 From: McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Abrahams, Gutchings, Marks, 4th edition

  7. Typical There are 2 types of curves found in a typical spine when standing: kyphosis & scoliosis. Both occur in the sagittal plane. Kyphosis a spinal curve that is concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly typically found in the thoracic and the sacrococcygeal regions of the spine Lordosis a spinal curve that is convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly typically found in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine Typical Cervical Lordosis Typical Thoracic Kyphosis Typical Lumbar Lordosis Anterior Posterior

  8. ATYPICAL It is important to note that: excessive or fixed postural kyphotic and lordodic curves in the spine are NOT typical postural curves (present and/or fixed) in the spinal column in the frontal and transverse planes are NOT typical…these are called scoliosis. excessive thoraco-lumbar lordosis excessive thoracic kyphosis during sitting scoliosis

  9. Typical During dynamic movement, the spinal curves in the sagittal plane vary and change shape according to the demands of the task. Demands of the task are also met with dynamic spinal curve movements in the frontal and transverse planes. Everything changes when we begin to move!!!!

  10. Trunk: muscular system

  11. Deepest muscles • Interspinalis • Intertransversarus • Intermediate muscles • Rotators • Multifidi • Semispinalis • Erector Spinae (more superficial) • Iliocostalis • Longissimus • Spinalis Muscles of back: Deep Layer Drawings adapted from Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, Neumann 2002 ***Note the lateral position of the iliocostalis & longissimus muscles

  12. Muscles of back:Intermediate layer The intermediate layer consists only of the serratus posterior superior and the serratus posterior inferior Currently, these muscles are not thought to play a role in movement. Instead, they are believed to assist in respiration. From: Novartis Interactive Atlas, Frank Netter artist

  13. Trapezius • Upper • Middle • lower • Rhomboids • Levator Scapula • Serratus Anterior • Latissimus Dorsi Muscles of Back:superficial Layer From: Novartis Interactive Atlas, Frank Netter artist

  14. Anterior view Superficial to Deep • Rectus abdominus • 3 sections • External Obliques • Internal Obliques • Transverse abdominus Muscles of the trunk Posterior view From: Novartis Interactive Atlas, Frank Netter artist

  15. Recommended References: Atlas of Human Anatomy, Frank Netter McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Abrahams, Hutchings, & Marks Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, Donald Neumann Anatomy Coloring Book, Kapit & Elson

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