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To-infinitive Gerund. The to-infinitive after a verb often describes a future event.Eg: after hope, expect, promise, want, the event in the to-infintive comes after the activity or thought in the main verb:I hope to see you next week.Gerund describes an activity. We enjoyed seeing you last we
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1. To-infinitiveGERUND
2. To-infinitive + Gerund The to-infinitive after a verb often describes a future event.
Eg: after hope, expect, promise, want, the event in the to-infintive comes after the activity or thought in the main verb:
I hope to see you next week.
Gerund describes an activity.
We enjoyed seeing you last weekend.
3. G1- afford / agree
G2 learn / need
G3 ask / decide
G4 promise / refuse
G5 expect / fail
G6 tell / want
G7 hope / wish
G8 want / decide
4. afford / agree I agree to go to the Beijing trip this summer holiday.
I can afford to buy this picture.
learn / need
We should learn to do housework.
Human need to drink water.
5. Hope / wish I hope to meet Beckham in England.
I wish to fly up high in the sky.
Want / decide
I want to do the homework today.
I decide to buy this book.
6. Expect / fail We expect to pass the English exam.
We failed to do the homework.
Tell / want
He wanted to tell her about his feelings.
7. Ask / decide I asked my mum to go shopping with me.
I decided to go hiking this Sunday.
Promise / refuse
I promised my mother to finish my homework by 6pm.
I refuse to invite Yumiko to my party.
8. No major difference in meaning Some verbs can be followed by either the to-infinitive or the gerund without any major difference in meaning:
9. Gerund (general), to-infinitive (particular situation) Some verbs are generally followed by the gerund when used in a general sense
The to-infinitive is often used for a particular situation.
10. The Gerund is formed by adding ing to the base form of a verb. swim ? swimming
eat ? eating
run ? running
11. The Gerund can be used As a noun
E.g
Running is my favourite sport. (subject)
He tried running faster. (object)
She was afraid of losing. (object of preposition)
12. Exercise (swim) _________is a very good form of exercise.
I have some (shop) ______to do this afternoon.
(learn) _________English takes a long time.
13. After adjectives + preposition accustomed to capable of
fond of afraid of
successful in good at
tired of interested in
E.g
She is accustomed to training for many hours.
He is good at running the 200 meters race
14. Exercise Mary is fond of _______ (sing).
The boy soon became accustomed to _______ (work) hard.
Are you afraid of _______ (play) the exciting electronic games.
She is never tired of _______ (talk) about her clever son.
15. G1 admit
G2- avoid
G3 delayG4-deny
G5-enjoy
G6-finish
G7 keep
G8-mind
16. Admit
My brother admitted breaking the vase.
Avoid
I avoid walking on busy streets.
Delay
The school delayed opening this morning.
17. finish I finish doing my homework.
Keep
After 4 hours, he keeps standing there.
Mind
Would you mind lending your pen to me.
18. deny I deny that I am not good at singing.
I deny doing a wrong thing
I deny being late to school every day.
I deny talking during the lesson.
Enjoy
I enjoy playing computer games.
19. After verbs admit cant help dislike
keep try finish
advise keep enjoy
appreciate mind avoid
understand suggest forgive
E.g
John has finished repairing his bicycle.
They enjoy walking in the evening.
Mary dislikes swimming in winter.
20. Exercise He kept ________(run) till the end.
She enjoys _______ (run) for competition.
They dislike _______(drive) small cars.
He avoided ________(answer) my question.
Would you mind me ________ (smoke) in this room.
22. Bare infinitive Infinitive form without to
After modal verbs (should, could, must..etc), had better and would rather
We should respect people who are selfless and kind.
Youd better prepare for the interview as youll be asked lots of questions.
Id rather go for a walk.
23. Bare infinitive p111 2. After let and make
Mother Teresa let the poor die in dignity.
The teacher made him stay behind after school.
3. After
24. Bare infinitive Infinitive form without to
After modal verbs (should, could, must..etc), had better and would rather
We should respect people who are selfless and kind.
Youd better prepare for the interview as youll be asked lots of questions.
Id rather go for a walk.
25. 1 I enjoy to swim. Which is correct ?
26. 1 I want to study . Which is correct ?
27. 1 I finish to eat . Which is correct ?
28. 1 I need to study . Which is correct ?
29. 1 I hope to study . Which is correct ?
30. 1 I stopped to smoke. Which is correct ?
31. Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund
32. Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund
33. Summary table for to-infinitive and gerund