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The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution

The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. and EMEP (The Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe) Henning Wuester Secretariat of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

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The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution

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  1. The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and EMEP (The Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe) Henning Wuester Secretariat of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap (for information on the Convention) http://www.emep.int (for scientific work of EMEP)

  2. Artic Ocean CA FI NO SE Pacific Ocean RU EE US LV Atlantic Ocean DK LT BY IE NL GB PL DE BE L U CZ UA KZ SK AT HU CH MD FR SI RO HR BA YU IT BG GE KG MK AL UZ ES AM AZ TM GR TR PT TJ CY The coverage of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (48 Parties)

  3. Artic Ocean CA FI NO SE Pacific Ocean RU EE US LV Atlantic Ocean DK LT BY IE NL GB PL DE BE U L CZ . UA KZ SK AT HU CH MD FR SI RO HR BA YU IT BG GE KG MK AL UZ ES AM AZ TM GR TR PT TJ CY The 38 Parties to the EMEP Protocol of 1984

  4. The geographic scope of EMEP

  5. The Protocols in force: • 1985 Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions by at least 30 per cent, 22 Parties • 1988 Protocol on the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides, 28 Parties • 1991 Protocol on the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds, 20 Parties • 1994 Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, 23 Parties

  6. The new Protocols (not yet in force): • 1998 Protocol on Heavy Metals, 36 Signatories, 9 ratifications • 1998 Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 36 Signatories, 6 ratifications • 1999 Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, 31 Signatories

  7. The main priorities for the Convention • Review and extension of existing protocols; • Implementation of and compliance with existing agreements. These two policy-related tasks should be based on sound scientific support from three core activities: • Atmospheric measurements and modelling; • Effects; and • Integrated assessment, including modelling and economic benefit evaluation.

  8. Intergovernmental bodies, expert groups and scientific centres under the Convention

  9. EMEP: some history • The Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) was initiated in 1974. • In 1977 EMEP was adopted as a special programme under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. • Operated under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution since the Convention entered into force in 1983.

  10. EMEP: the vision EMEP will continue to be the main science-based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in: • atmospheric monitoring and modelling; • emission inventories and projections; and • integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems EMEP Strategy 2000-2009

  11. EMEP: 5 principles (1) SCIENCE - EMEP establishes sound scientific evidence and provides guidance to underpin, develop and evaluate environmental policies; PARTNERSHIP - EMEP fosters international partnership to find solutions to environmental problems; ORGANIZATION - EMEP is organized to integrate information on emissions, environmental quality, effects and abatement options, and to provide the basis for solutions; EMEP Strategy 2000-2009

  12. EMEP: 5 principles (2) OPENNESS - EMEP encourages the open use of intellectual resources and products; SHARING - EMEP is transparent and shares information and expertise with research programmes, expert institutions, national and international organizations, and environmental agreements. EMEP Strategy 2000-2009

  13. Recognize the differences

  14. The emission reductions under the Gothenburg Protocol • Canada and the United States will bring in their emission reduction obligations upon ratification • Based on bilateral negotiations of an ozone annex to the 1991 Agreement • To cover SO2, NOx, and VOCs

  15. PM pollution Primary PM The multi-pollutant, multi-effect approach of the Gothenburg Protocol extended by PM

  16. Plan for preparatory work for the Gothenburg Protocol review • Broad timing: • Aimed at supporting negotiations on revising the Gothenburg Protocol in 2004 • 2003 reserved for testing and sensitivity analysis • Results of specialized studies and new data should be available by 2002 • 2001 for preparatory work • This work also has to prepare the scientific basis for a decision on how to deal with transcontinental transport.

  17. Summary • The Convention and EMEP have provided a useful framework for cooperation on atmospheric science and policy. • To enhance such cooperation, especially beyond Europe, is of high priority. • The ambitious tasks for the Gothenburg Protocol review can only be accomplished in cooperation, including between Europe and North America. • One of these tasks is to assess the importance of transcontinental atmospheric transport.

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