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Cruising Timber

AG-FS-8. The student will demonstrate standard industry forest measurement methods used for forest product inventory. a. Define common forest measurement terms. b. Identify and demonstrate the use forest measurement tools.

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Cruising Timber

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  1. AG-FS-8. The student will demonstrate standard industry forest measurement methods used for forest product inventory. a. Define common forest measurement terms. b. Identify and demonstrate the use forest measurement tools. c. Draw tally symbols and utilize symbols properly in forest measurement. d. Determine forest product classification. e. Utilize basic concepts for timber cruising and determine timber volumes. f. Determine direction, compare azimuths and bearings, and adjust compass declination. Cruising Timber

  2. Diameter of standing trees is most commonly measured at breastheight called DBH. • DBH is usually measured at 4½ feet above the average ground level. • Tree diameters are usually recorded in even 2-inch classes to facilitate volume determination. • Ex. Of 2-inch diameter classes • Class Inches • 10 inch 9.1-11.0 • 12 inch 11.1-13.0 • 14 inch 13.1-15.0 Determining Tree Diameters

  3. Diameter tape Biltmore Stick Calipers Instruments used to determine DBH

  4. A diameter tape is the most consistent tool for measuring tree diameters. • It is calibrated that each inch of the diameter side of the tape is actually 3.1416 inches in length. In this way, the diameter is read directly from the tape which is actually measuring the tree's circumference. Diameter Tape

  5. The Biltmore technique is based upon the geometric principle of similar triangles • the scale graduated on the stick to read directly in inches • The Biltmore stick reading is taken at DBH 4 ½ feet from ground level Biltmore Stick

  6. Treeheights are measured in feet, logs or bolts. Depending on the purpose, the tree height is being measured for, it can be a total height or to a specified top diameter (merchantable height). Sawtimberis generally measured by the number of 16' logs and half logs which can be cut from the tree. A cordwood tree is usually tallied to the nearest usable five foot total height. Minimum top diameter for saw timber is generally set at 8 inches. Saw timber Heights

  7. Tree heights can be measured with: 1. Clinometer 2. Abney 3. Biltmore stick Tools to measure tree heights

  8. The clinometer and the biltmore stick are the two most common instruments used in forestry to measure tree heights. The two common scales available on a clinometer are the topographic scale which uses a base distance from the tree of 66feet (or one chain) and the percent scale that uses a base distance of 100 feet from the tree.

  9. The Biltmore stick or hypsometer can be used to measure the number of 16foot logs in a tree or the number of feet in height of the tree. • The stick must be held at the proper distance from the eye (usually 25 inches) when observer is standing 1 chain, or 66 feet from the tree. • Your feet should be on the same general level as the base of the tree being measured for accurate readings. Biltmore Stick

  10. The percent scale on the abney level and the clinometer are read directly at 100 feet. Clinometer

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