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The Listening Process. Listening is a highly complex, interactive process “by which spoken language is converted to meaning in the mind” (Lundsteen, 1979, p. 1). Hearing is not listening!
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The Listening Process • Listening is a highly complex, interactive process “by which spoken language is converted to meaning in the mind” (Lundsteen, 1979, p. 1). Hearing is not listening! • Listening entails, receiving, attending, and assigning meaning (Wolvin and Coakley, 1979). Assimilation and accomodation help in assigning meaning.
Purposes for Listening • Discriminative (tapes of animal sounds, and other noises) • Comprehensive listening (required in instructional activities) • Critical listening (to evaluate messages-propaganda) • Appreciative Listening (speakers, readers, classmates) • Therapeutic Listening (sympathetic listening) Is there need for systematic instruction?
Comprehensive Listening Strategies (elementary) • Forming a picture (image + write about it) • Putting information into groups (categories, Chunking) • Asking questions: Why am I listening to this message?, do I know what ------means?, Does this information make sense to me? • Discovering the Plan (description, sequence, Comparison, cause and effect, problem/solution) • Note taking (Demonstrate by taking notes with the children) • Getting clues from the speaker (visual & verbal)
Critical Listening • Help children to recognize, persuasion and propaganda, deceptive language loaded words). Propaganda devices (handout) Step- Introduce commercials, explain deceptive language, analyze it, review concepts, provide practice, create commercials Same procedure applies to advertisements
Appreciative Listening Important for reading aloud to students, repeated readings, oral presentations Teaching appreciative Listening Before reading: activate prior knowledge, background, set purpose for reading During reading: Use Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA)-predictions, Reasoning & further predictions, proving After: share their log and relate to their lives. Enjoyment is reason enough to read aloud to children.
Authentic Listening Activities • Acting out a story from one that is read. • Making or doing something by following oral directions • Participating in class or group discussions • Getting information by listening to an announcement • Working on group projects • Critiquing a peer’s draft of a story after listening to it • Enjoying good literature that is well presented orally • Evaluating an issue that is being debated • Evaluating products advertised in commercials • Evaluating candidates from their campaign speeches
Strategies for Teaching Listening • Directed Listening Activity (DL-TA) • Before Listening • Listening during the story • After Listening • The Structured Listening Activity (SLA) • Concept Building • Listening purpose • Reading Aloud • Questioning • Reciting
Conti… 3. InQuest • Read the story • Role-Playing a news conference • Evaluating the interview 4. Listening-Reading Transfer Strategy • Establish purpose • Reading the selection • Developing the skill • Letting students read • Group sharing