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Urinary system

Urinary system. Anatomy. Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each side of the spinal column, removal of waste from the blood. Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine producing . Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron

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Urinary system

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  1. Urinary system

  2. Anatomy • Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each side of the spinal column, removal of waste from the blood. • Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine producing . • Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron • Renal pelvis = funnel shaped reservoir & passes it to the urter. • Hilum = indentation in kidney, ureter leaves. • Ureters = tubes, carry urine to the bladder.

  3. Anatomy • Urinary bladder = hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. • Urethra = tube, from bladder to the outside of the body, longer in the male. • Urinary meatus = opening through which the urine passes to the outside. • Urine = pale yellow liquid waste product, 95% water and 5% nitrogenous waste.

  4. Combining Forms • Blast/o = developing cell. • Glyc/o = sugar. • Hydr/o = water. • Lith/o = stone, calculus. • Noct/i = night. • Olig/o = scanty, few. • Son/o = sound. • Tom/o = cut, section. • Urin/o = urine • . Ven/o = vein.

  5. Suffixes • -iasis esis = condition • -lysis = loosening, dissolution, separating • -megaly = enlargement • -orrhaphy = suturing, repairing • -ptosis = drooping, sagging, prolapse • -tripsy = surgical crushing • -uria = urine, urination • -trophy = nourishment, development

  6. Disease & Disorder • Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder. • Cystocele = protrusion of the bladder. • Cystolith = stone in the bladder. • Hydronephrosis = abnormal condition of water in the kidney, from an obstruction. • Nephroblastoma = kidney tumor, developing cell, (Wilms’ tumor). • Nephrolithiasis = stones in the kidney. • Nephroma = tumor of the kidney. • Nephromegaly = enlargement of the kidney.

  7. Disease & Disorder • Nephroptosis = drooping kidney. • Pyelitis = inflammation of the renal pelvis. • Uremia = urine in the blood, toxic condition. • Ureterocele = protrusion of a ureter. • Ureterostenosis = narrowing of the ureter. • Urethrocystitis = inflammation of the urethra and the bladder. • Polycystic kidney = kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged. • Renal calculi = stones in the kidney.

  8. Disease & Disorder • Renal hypertension = elevated blood pressure, resulting from kidney disease. • Urinary retention = accumulation of urine in the bladder. Inability to urinate. • Urinary suppression = sudden stoppage of urine formation. • Urinary tract infection (UTI) = infection of one or more of the urinary tract.

  9. Surgical Terms • Cystectomy = excision of the bladder. • Cystolithotomy = incision of the bladder to remove a stone. • Cystoplasty = surgical repair of the bladder. • Cystostomy = creating an artificial opening into the bladder. • Lithotripsy = surgical crushing of a stone. • Nephrectomy = excision of a kidney.

  10. Surgical Terms • Pyelolithotomy = incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone. • Ureterectomy = excision of a ureter. • Urethroplasty = surgical repair of the urethra. • Urethrotomy = incision in the urethra. • Fulguration = destruction of living tissue with an electric spark, to remove growths. • Renal transplant = implantation of a donor kidney. • Lithotrite = instrument used to crush a stone.

  11. Procedural Terms • KUB = an x-ray of the abdomen, kindey, ureter & bladder. • BUN = measure the amount of urea in the blood. Determines kidney function. Increase  indicates renal dysfunction. • Specific gravity = test on urine specimen to measure the concentration or diluting ability of the kidneys. • Urinalysis (UA) = multiple routine test done on a urine specimen.

  12. Word building • Dysuria Painful urination • Nocturnal enuresisBedwetting during sleep • Nocturia Urination at night, not bed wetting • Oliguria Scanty (small) production of urine • Polyuria Condition of excessive urination • Urinepyuriahigh pus cells in urine • Nocturia Frequently getting up and urinating during the night.

  13. Complementary Terms Albuminuria = albumin in the urine, indicates kidney problems. Glycosuria - sugar (glucose) in the urine. EnuresisInvoluntary release of urine, most often in reference to "bedwetting.” Anuria Complete stop of urine flow

  14. Complementary Terms • Pyuria = pus in the urine. • Urologist = physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system. • Urology = study of the urinary system. The reproductive system of the male. • Catheter = flexible, tube-like device for withdrawing or instilling fluids. • Distended = stretched out. • Diuretic = agent that increases the amount of urine.

  15. Complementary Terms • Hemodialysis = procedure of removing impurities from the blood, because kidney can’t. • Incontinence = inability to control the bladder and/or bowels. • Micturate = to urinate of void. • Stricture = abnormal narrowing, urethral stricture. • Void = to empty or evacuate waste material.

  16. Abbreviations • BUN = blood urea nitrogen • cath = catheterization • HD = hemodialysis • KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder • SG = specific gravity • UA = urinalysis • UTI = urinary tract infection

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