Spanish American War

Spanish American War US History Comstock Park High School

Causes of Spanish American War • Imperialism • The Scramble for Power • Social Darwinism- Activity • Yellow Journalism Comstock Park High School

Militarism The Western Nations of the world thought it important to have large militaries to protect their citizens and gain global influence. A militaristic nation would be prepared for war at all costs.

The Scramble for Power Imperialism was prevalent in the late1800’s to1920. Countries vied for land and power to support their growing industrialized nations and the need for natural resources to support that industry. The continent of Africa was divided at the Berlin Conference in 1885 without regard for the African people. What was the impact of this colonization?

Social Darwinism • Charles Darwin’s studies lead to the theory of evolution. In the 1880-1920’s this theory was applied to society. • People believed in the theory of “survival of the fittest” and tried to improve the gene pool of humans with tragic results. • A whole new theory of eugenics began as a result…

Yellow Journalism • Sensational news sold papers, and with the advent of a faster printing process and the ability to add pictures to stories, journalists took the opportunity to enhance their stories. • The journalists were known as “muckrakers” and the stories as “yellow journalism”.

America Joins In • Watching the Europeans, America decides to join in the race for land and resources. • The first stop is Cuba (Americans have sugar plantations in Cuba). • America came closer to war after: President McKinley was publically insulted by deLome the Spanish ambassador; the public read about the horror stories of Cubans and Americans being tortured and imprisoned • McKinley sent the USS Maine to the shores of Cuba…

Headline News • Slide of the Maine blowing up…

Awake United States! This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the Maineon February 16, 1898 and thedeclaration of war on April 25, 1898. Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry! How proudly sailed the warship Maine, a Nation’s pride, without a stain! A wreck she lies, her sailors slain. By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain! Eagle soar on high, And sound the battle cry Wave the starry flag! In mud it shall not drag!

The Race • Need for new markets to sell goods • More land to get raw materials • Keep up with European Powers • Goals of leadership Foxborough History Department

To Hell with SpainRemember the Maine • At 9:40pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor • 268 men were killed, shocking the American population • What or who caused this explosion?

Waiting for the Facts • Review the cartoon and explain what the cartoonist is trying to say…

The Players • William McKinley • Theodore Roosevelt • George Dewey • William Randolph Hearst • General Weyler “The Butcher • Emilio Aguinaldo

William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) • 25th President • Wanted to avoid war in Cuba • Yellow journalism and public supported war • In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba.

Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy • “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” • First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders.“ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…..(DMX)

Commodore George Dewey • May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay • During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes Foxborough History Department

William Randolph Hearst • Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism • New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations • Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war." Foxborough History Department

General Weyler “The Butcher” • In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba • To prevent the insurrectos • Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population • Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, • Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease Foxborough History Department

Emilio Aguinaldo • The Philippines' revolutionary leader • Fought first against Spanish imperialism • After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against American

Events-Timeline • 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule • 1896: Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher") comes to Cuba. • 1897: Spain recalls Weyler • Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba • February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting McKinley. Foxborough History Department

Foxborough History Department

Sensational Journalism or Yellow JournalismActivity • Screaming newspaper headlines about the situation in Cuba in the 1890s helped fan the flames of war by influencing public opinion in the United States • Research current headlines aimed at selling newspapers -- rather than telling honest stories --look at newsstands and in supermarket checkout lines • Research some of the headlines and stories published in the World and the Journal in the 1890s and compare these with the headlines found in modern tabloid papers • How are they similar and/or different? Are any stories more or less harmful than others? • http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml • http://www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/cartoons/1898/index_bart.html Foxborough History Department

Let’s Talk • List 3 causes of the Spanish American War • What ship sunk to start the war? • Who was the President in 1898? • Who was Secretary of Defense • What role did Yellow Journalism play in the Spanish American War Foxborough History Department

Spanish Politeness • Describe what is going on in the cartoon. • What is the point of view of the cartoonist?

Events-Timeline • February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine • February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out • April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain • April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US • April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain

Let Go of Him McKinley • What is the message of this cartoon? • What is the point of view?

Events-Timeline • May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines) • May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders" • July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed. • July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed • July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter • August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice • August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila Foxborough History Department

July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders" Foxborough History Department

Events-Timeline • December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed - US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. • January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic - Led by Emilio Auginaldo, the self-declared Filipino government fights a guerilla war against the US that lasts longer than the Spanish-American War itself. • February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in the Senate • 1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed in Puerto Rico. Foxborough History Department

Events-Timeline • March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured. • 1901: Platt Amendment-Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreement, allows two naval bases in Cuba and U.S can intervene when necessary • 1902: US withdraws from Cuba • 1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship Foxborough History Department

Map Foxborough History Department

Results of the Spanish American War • Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American War • Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million • America becomes a world power Foxborough History Department

Evaluation • Visual Quiz—Who am I? What was my involvement? Define? Explain • http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_resources.html Foxborough History Department

Quiz-Question’s 1-3 • Who am I? • What was my role in the Spanish American War? • What was the nickname of my voluntary Calvary? Foxborough History Department

Quiz-Questions 4-6 4. What role did Yellow Journalism play in the war? 5. What ship blew up that sparked the war? 6. Who was the President during the Spanish American War? Foxborough History Department

Question 7 7. What hill is being taken by T.R and the Rough Riders? Foxborough History Department

Question 8 8. Who am I? Hint the Admiral in Philippians Foxborough History Department

Short Answers • Do you think there is any such thing as a "splendid little war"? What other wars might some people remember as "splendid little" ones? Who might think these wars were not so splendid? Who usually suffers most in a war? Who has to bear the long-term effects of a war? • What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of adhering to the truth? Foxborough History Department

Work Cited • Timeline- Sparknotes http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/spanishamerican/ • Other Web Sites- PBS Movie web site http://www.pbs.org/crucible/ • Small Planets http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/teacher.html#Outline • Pictures http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q= Foxborough History Department

Quiz Answer Sheet 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 Foxborough History Department

Spanish American War