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nucleus

intracellular fluid. 67%. extracellular fluid. nucleus. plasma. 26%. cytoplasm. 7%. water Na+ K+ Cl- sugars proteins. Active movement of Na+. Passive movement of water. Na+. H 2 O. The Mammalian Kidney. Distal tubule. Proximal tubule. Collecting duct. Bowman’s capsule.

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nucleus

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  1. intracellular fluid 67% extracellular fluid nucleus plasma 26% cytoplasm 7% water Na+ K+ Cl- sugars proteins

  2. Active movement of Na+ Passive movement of water Na+ H2O The Mammalian Kidney Distal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Bowman’s capsule glomerulus To bladder Extracellular Na+ conc. Loop of Henle

  3. Hypovolemia Osmotic Imbalance

  4. Causing an increase in secretion and release of VP VP Baroreceptors in arteries of the heart • 2 major effects: • Vasoconstriction • Water retention in kidney

  5. Passive movement of water H2O Collecting Duct Cell Distal tubule Proximal tubule Collecting duct Bowman’s capsule glomerulus To bladder Loop of Henle The water pore is a protein called: aquaporin 2 (AQP2)

  6. Collecting Duct Cross-Section Cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies made to the water channel

  7. Collecting Duct:

  8. Collecting Duct:

  9. n n basal aquaporins Aquaporin 2 Collecting Duct: to bladder

  10. Smooth muscle cell In arteries/capillaries Collecting Duct Cell VP PLC DAG Gq IP3 V1a receptor: localized to vascular smooth muscle cells V2 receptor: localized to the kidney • 2 major effects of vasopressin: • Vasoconstriction • Water retention in kidney: V1a receptor V2 receptor

  11. IN THE BLOOD ANGIOTENSINOGEN Made in the liver Renin Secreted in response to low blood pressure ANGIOTENSIN I angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE: secreted by the lungs) ANGIOTENSIN II Adrenal gland (cortex) aldosterone Cells in the capillary walls Control of Aldosterone Secretion

  12. Neural cells in hypothalamus containing osmoreceptors VP • 2 major effects: • Vasoconstriction • Water retention in kidney Osmoreceptors: -Present in cells in the hypothalamus -when dehydrated, cause secretion of VP from PVN and SON

  13. Vasopressin and Osmolality

  14. Under conditions of high osmolality LESS Renin from glomerulus angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE: secreted by the lungs) LESS aldosterone Decreases Na+ absorbtion in the kidney IN THE BLOOD Made in the liver ANGIOTENSINOGEN LESS ANGIOTENSIN I less drinking LESS ANGIOTENSIN II less vasoconstriction less VP

  15. VP is made but not transported VP 1. no VP is secreted 2. Very little water is retained in the collecting duct Treatment with VP can alleviate the problem Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus

  16. Collecting Duct Cell Vasopressin is synthesized and secreted normally VP But there is a defect in the cellular mechanism that responds to VP Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

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