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Impacts of ocean acidification on mollusk fisheries and coral reefs

Impacts of ocean acidification on mollusk fisheries and coral reefs. Scott Doney & Sarah Cooley Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution center for Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) 2012. Ocean Acidification. Observed trends -rising seawater CO 2 -declining pH & carbonate saturation.

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Impacts of ocean acidification on mollusk fisheries and coral reefs

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  1. Impacts of ocean acidification on mollusk fisheries and coral reefs Scott Doney & Sarah Cooley Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution center for Climate and Energy Decision Making (CEDM) 2012

  2. Ocean Acidification Observed trends -rising seawater CO2 -declining pH & carbonate saturation Doney et al. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 2009 Dore et al. PNAS 2009

  3. Marine Life Susceptible to Ocean Acidification -Reduced shell formation -Habitat loss -Less available prey New biological effects still being discovered

  4. Social & Economic Impacts • -Marine fisheries & aquaculture • food supply • jobs, livelihoods & trade • -Coral reefs • reef fisheries • tourism • shoreline protection • -Globally, largest impacts may be on developing island and coastal nations Cooley, Kite-Powell, and Doney Oceanography (2009) Cooley & Doney, Environmental Research Letters (2009)

  5. U.S. ex-vessel revenue; NOAA NMFS; Cooley & Doney ERL 2009

  6. Least adaptable Most adaptable Vulnerability to Ocean Acidification Index Based on Mollusk Fisheries • -Exposure • chemistry change • -Sensitivity • mollusk fisheries • seafood imports • protein supply • -Adaptive capacity • per capita GNP Protein insufficient Mollusks ≥ 1% of protein Both Net importers Net exporters Cooley, Lucey, Kite-Powell, & Doney, Fish & Fisheries, 2012

  7. Modeling Coupled Natural-Human Systems Atlantic Sea Scallop Integrated Assessment Model Howarth figure Collaboration with J. Hare & D. Hart, NOAA/NMFS

  8. South Florida Coral Reef Modeling Modeled Aragonite Saturation Aragonite Saturation Trend

  9. Summary Points • -Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide causes well-understood changes in seawater chemistry • -Acidification threatens coral reefs & shellfish • -Human impacts through impaired fisheries, tourism & coastal protection • -Adaptation strategies: • Ocean monitoring networks • Reduce other human stresses on ocean • Scientist-stakeholder partnerships • Coupled natural-human system models Special Thanks To: Alan Barton, William Cheung, Charlie Colgan, Richard Feely, Hauke Kite-Powell & Noelle Lucey

  10. In Gulf of Mexico CESM 1.0 20th Century transient run with prescribed CO2 and fully coupled climate

  11. South Florida Field Observations Coral Reefs Days Hofmann PLoS 2011 Ongoing R/V Gordon Gunter Data Wanninkhof et al. NOAA/AOML http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/gcc/rvgunter_introduction.php

  12. Ocean Acidification H+ + CO3 2- H+ + HCO3 HCO3 - - CO2 + CO3 + H2O 2- CO2 + H2O H2CO3 2HCO3 - 2000 30% acidity 16% [CO3 ] [CO2] CO3 2− 50 300 > < 8.2 40 240 2100 pH − − − − 100−150% 8.1 30 180  50% 2− pH μmol kg−1 8.0 20 120 [CO3 ] 7.9 2− 10 60 CO2(aq) 0 0 7.8 1800 1900 2000 2100 Year Wolf-Gladrow et al. (1999)

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