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Napoleon Bonaparte: Hero to Exile

Explore Napoleon's rise to power, conquests, and ultimate downfall, from hero of the revolution to self-crowned Emperor and exile on St. Helena.

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Napoleon Bonaparte: Hero to Exile

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  1. Napoleon Bonaparte Rise and Fall

  2. Hero of the Revolution • 1795-Defended the National Convention delegates and became a hero • 1796- Directory appointed Napoleon to lead French against Austria and Sardinia

  3. Coup d'état • 1799 Napoleon with his troops forced out the Directory and became dictator • A sudden seizure of power is a coup • “blow to the state”

  4. Napoleonic Code • Comprehensive system of laws created by Napoleon • Uniform set of laws and eliminated injustices • Actually limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights

  5. Loss of American Territories • Due to revolts in Saint Domingue and a costly war with the British Napoleon gave up on an American empire • Louisiana Purchase sale gained money to finance war operations in Europe

  6. Emperor Napoleon • 1804 Napoleon took the crown from the pope and crowned himself Emperor of France • Symbolic gesture showing Napoleon is more powerful than the Church

  7. War in Europe • Napoleon looked to expand French Empire across Europe • Only major defeat at Trafalgar- British Admiral Nelson defeated French fleet ensuring British naval supremacy and prevented England from French invasion • Napoleon.bmp

  8. Continental System • Blockade of European ports to prevent trade with England • Plan failed and English countered with their own Blockade • Led to War of 1812 between US and England

  9. Peninsular War • Napoleon tried to enforce the Continental System in Spain and Portugal by making his brother King and sending troops • Fought against guerrillas unsuccessfully

  10. Scorched-Earth Policy • Again trying to enforce failed Continental System invaded Russia (ally of France) • 422,000 French soldiers marched on Russia • As Russians pulled back they burned fields and killed livestock so the French would have nothing to eat as they advanced • Early winter set in and the French retreated… they were ambushed by Russians • Russian March.bmp

  11. Napoleon Defeated • Several countries joined forces against France • April 1814 he surrendered his throne and was exiled to the island of Elba

  12. Return of Napoleon • People of France were unhappy with their new king (placed after Napoleon was defeated) • Napoleon in Elba learned of this and was welcomed back by the French people

  13. Waterloo • Napoleon fought the Duke of Wellington (British) and Prussian troops in Belgium • British and Prussian troops forced Napoleon to retreat

  14. Hundred Days • Napoleon’s return to power in France • Ended with the defeat at Waterloo • Napoleon was sent to St. Helena to live in exile until he died in 1821

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