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Cholera risk, Infection, and

Cholera risk, Infection, and. Prevention. Service-Based Learning. Electron micrograph of Vibrio cholerae. Mary Ann Mueller G raduate Student Walden University May 4, 2012. Source: Boyd and Wirtz , authors of General Microbiology. Cholera Risk, Infection and Prevention.

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Cholera risk, Infection, and

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  1. Cholerarisk,Infection, and Prevention Service-Based Learning Electron micrograph of Vibrio cholerae Mary Ann Mueller Graduate Student Walden University May 4, 2012 Source: Boyd and Wirtz, authors of General Microbiology

  2. Cholera Risk, Infection and Prevention HISTORY Source: healthystate.org

  3. Cholera Risk, Infection and Prevention • Todays slides are focused on Cholera and will cover the following: Disease Infection Research Symptoms Prevention Helpful Tips Statistics Risk Factors

  4. Cholera Risk, Infection and Prevention • What are some FYI Statistics? • What are Waterborne Disease and Cholera? • What are the Symptoms for Cholera? • What can I do to Prevent Infection? • What are the Risk Factors? • When should I seek Medical Help?

  5. Cholera Risk, Infection and Prevention • Quote: • “Even when people have been treated, the risk of re-infection remains high…Cholera can be treated quickly and people can get better quickly but the challenge is ensuring they don’t get re-infected and clean drinking water needs to be available.” • Paul Garwood, WHO

  6. cholera For Your Information (FYI) Statistics? Epidemics of Cholera Source: http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/en/index.html

  7. cholera R E S E R C H Source: The Cholera Model; based on research by Rita Colwell and others. http://blokesch-lab.epfl.ch/page-10508-en.html

  8. cholera What is Waterborne Disease? It is considered any disease that can spread through contaminated water (LMASDHD, 2012; RD, 2012) What is Cholera? Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae (CDC, 2011)

  9. cholera Disease Vibrio cholerae strains Two Serogroups of V. cholerae Cause Outbreaks O1 & O139 Source: http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/non-01-0139-infections.html

  10. cholera Disease: Continued Latest News Break!!! Recently, new variant strains have been detected in several parts of Asia and Africa. (WHO, 2012)

  11. What are the Symptoms? cholera • anyone • can get “cholera” through • Contaminated Food and Drink Containing Cholera Bacterium. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011)

  12. cholera Symptoms: Continued Cholera is an Extremely Virulent Disease. It affects both children and adults and can kill within hours. (WHO, 2012)

  13. How can Cholera be Prevented? cholera Multidisciplinary Approach: Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Surveillance System Are keys for mitigating cholera outbreaks, controlling cholera in endemic areas and reducing deaths. (WHO, 2012)

  14. cholera Prevention: Continued 2 Source: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/index.html

  15. cholera What are the Risk Factors? • Poor Sanitary Conditions. • Reduced or Nonexistent Stomach Acid.. • Household Exposure. • Raw or Undercooked Shellfish. • (Mayo Clinic, 2011)

  16. cholera • Cholera remains a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development. Risk FactorsContinued Epidemics have never arisen from dead bodies (WHO, 2012)

  17. cholera When should I seek medical help? Immediately Dehydration can be rapid so fluid replacement is essential.

  18. cholera • Cholera is an Acute DiarrhoealDisease! • Cholera can be Orally Treated Successfully! • Cholera Prevention, Preparedness and Response … Works! • Safe Water and Sanitation are Critical! • Remember … Conventional Control Measures! Key Facts (WHO: Media Centre, 2012)

  19. cholera Available Vaccines OralCholera Vaccines: Dukoral (manufactured by SBL Vaccines) ShanChol (manufactured by ShanthaBiotec in India) (CDC, 2012) Source: http://www.who.int/immunization/Cholera_PP_Accomp_letter__Mar_10_2010.pdf

  20. Helpful Information • No Country Requires Proof of Cholera Vaccination! • Individual Travelers are Responsible for cholera Infected Food Imports • Quarantine Measures and Embargoes of People and Goods are Unnecessary TRAVEL and TRADE (WHO, 2012)

  21. Helpful InformationContinued • WHO Global Task Force on CholeraControl • works to • Provide technical advice, support for cholera control and prevention at country levels! • Train health professionals at national, regional, international levels in prevention, preparedness and response of diarrhoeal disease outbreaks! • Disseminate information. guidelines on cholera, and other epidemic-prone enteric diseases to health professionals and the general public! • World Health Organization, 2012 WHO Response!

  22. Helpful websites CDC—Cholera: Resources and Publications http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/publications.html Department of Environmental Quality—Drinking Water http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3675---,00.html Michigan State University Extension—Searchable Database and Other Resources http://www.msue.msu.edu/portal/ World Health Organization---Cholera: Media Centre http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/index.html

  23. References • Busari, S. (2008). WHO: 60,000 at risk of cholera in Zimbabwe. [CNN/Garwood]. Retrieved from http://articles.cnn.com/2008-12-09/world/zimbabwe.epidemic.cholera_1_cholera-outbreak-zimbabwe-president-robert-mugabe?_s=PM:WORLD • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Cholera. Epidemiology and risk factors. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/epi.html • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Cholera. Non-O1 and Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Infections. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/cholera/non-01-0139-infections.html • Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. (2012). Cholera: General information. [CHOP]. Retrieved from http://www.chop.edu/service/parents-possessing-accessing-communicating-knowledge-about-vaccines/vaccine-preventable-diseases/cholera.html

  24. References: Continued 2 • Écolepolytechniquefédérale de Lausanne (EPFL; 2011). Research. BLOKESCH Lab - Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology UPBLO. Retrieved from http://blokesch-lab.epfl.ch/page-10508-en.html • LMAS District Health Department. (2012). Waterborne and Vector-borne diseases. What you should know. Retrieved from http://lmasdhd.org/uploads/PDF/Water_VectorFS08.pdf • Mayo Clinic. (2011). Cholera. Risk factors. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cholera/ds00579/dsection=risk-factors • Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. • Right Diagnosis. (2012). Cholera. Waterborne diseases. Retrieved from • http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/w/waterborne_diseases/intro.htm

  25. References References: Continued 3 • Sack, D.A., Sack, R.B., Nair, G.B., Siddique, A.K. (2004). Cholera. The Lancet Journals. 363(9404)223–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7 • World Health Organization. (2010). Cholera vaccines. The WHO position paper on cholera vaccines. [Brief Summary]. Retrieved from www.who.int/entity/immunization/Cholera_PP_Accomp_letter__Mar_10_2010.pdf • World Health Organization. (2012). Cholera. Global Health Observatory (GHO). Retrieved from • http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/en/index.html • World Health Organization. (2012). Cholera. Media centre. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/index.html

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