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Energy For The Cell

Energy For The Cell . ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration . Energy . Ability to do work (chasing prey, finding shelter and mate). ATP=ENERGY . A denosine t ri p hosphate Energy storage molecule 1 cell uses 1 billion ATP per minute Made of 3 phosphates ribose (sugar)

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Energy For The Cell

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  1. Energy For The Cell ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

  2. Energy • Ability to do work (chasing prey, finding shelter and mate)

  3. ATP=ENERGY • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy storage molecule • 1 cell uses 1 billion ATP per minute • Made of • 3 phosphates • ribose (sugar) • adenine (nucleotide

  4. How Energy is Released From ATP • When energy is needed • ATP ADP • Breaks a chemical bond • After energy is used, ADPADP • Picks up a free loading phosphate • ATP/ADP CYCLE

  5. Living Things • Autotrophs = producers • Plants and some bacteria • Make their own food (glucose) • Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

  6. Living Things • Heterotrophs = consumers • Organisms that have to eat or obtain food for energy • Herbivores – eat plants • Carnivores – eat other animals • Omnivores – eat both • Detritivores – eat dead matter

  7. Photosynthesis • Using light, CO2, and H2O to make food (glucose) • Sugar and oxygen are released • Organisms with pigments for capturing the energy from light • Chlorophyll (green)

  8. Photosynthesis Equation

  9. Where Does It Take Place? • Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast (collects light energy) • Many in each cell of the leaves • Thylakoids – disk or pancake shape • Grana – stacks of thylakoids • Stroma – gel –like fluid around thylakoids

  10. 2 Reactions of Photosynthesis • Light Reaction (Light dependent) • Occurs in the thylakoid • Light is absorbed • H2O is split • Oxygen is released • Electrons move through the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • NADPH and ATP made

  11. Dark Reaction (Light Independent) • Calvin Cycle • Occurs in stroma • NADPH and ATP (released in light reaction) used to “fix” CO2 into glucose

  12. Cellular Respiration • Breaking down food molecules to release energy (MAKES ATP) • Glycolysis is the first process in breaking down glucose • Takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell • Changes glucose into 2 pyruvate • 2 ATP used, 4 ATP made (net of 2ATP)

  13. Two Types of Cellular Respiration (after glycolysis) • Aerobic Respiration • Takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA • Occurs when Oxygen is present • Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into CO2 and Water • Has 2 parts Kreb’s cycle and ETC • Makes 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule

  14. Anaerobic Respiration • Break down of pyruvate without OXYGEN • Occurs in cytoplasm • Does not produce many ATP • Two kinds • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcohol Fermentation

  15. Alcoholic Fermentation • How we make beer, wine and some breads • Starts with pyruvate • End Products: 2 - ATP 2 - CO2 2 - Ethanol’s

  16. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Makes our muscles sore if we work out too much • Starts with pyruvate • End Products: • 2 – ATP • 2 - Lactic Acids

  17. Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + O2CO2 + H2O ATP released

  18. Final Accounting • The breakdown of glucose nets a TON of energy for the cell. • We can harvest a total of 36 ATP per molecule of glucose. • Remember that extremely active cells need tons of energy from the mitochondria.

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