1 / 25

Ocean Zones

Ocean Zones. The Ocean is divided in three ways: The Water - Pelagic The Substrate (Ocean Floor) - Benthic Light Penetration – Photic/Aphotic. Major marine habitats are divided into 2 groups:. 1. Pelagic Zone - The Water Column. Subdivided along both horizontal and vertical axes.

nikkit
Download Presentation

Ocean Zones

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ocean Zones • The Ocean is divided in three ways: • The Water - Pelagic • The Substrate (Ocean Floor) - Benthic • Light Penetration – Photic/Aphotic

  2. Major marine habitats are divided into 2 groups: 1. Pelagic Zone - The Water Column. Subdivided along both horizontal and vertical axes Horizontal Axis: a. neritic - coastal areas b. oceanic - open water Vertical Axis: a. Epipelagic- Top b. Mesopelagic c. Bathypelagic d. Abyssalpelagic e. Haldalpelagic- Deepest

  3. The Littoral or Intertidal Zone • Submerged according to the tides • B. Shelf- Low Tide End to the Continental Shelf Break • C. Bathyal- shelf Break to the bottom of Continental Slope • D. Abyssal- Base of the Continental Slope to the beginning of the Deep Ocean • E. Hadal - Deepest part of the Ocean 2. Benthic Zone - The substrate (Ocean Floor) on the margins or basins. Divided based on depth

  4. Water and Light • The Ocean is also divided by depth that Light penetrates it Photic zone- Where light penetrates

  5. The depth to which light can penetrate the ocean is called the _____ zone • Aphotic • Abyssal • Photic • light

  6. The Pelagic zone is broken up into two sections which are the • Neritic and Pelagic • Neritic and Oceanic • Oceanic and Abyssal • Pelagic and Benthic

  7. Ocean Lifestyles: Marine Scientists classify Marine Life into one of several categories 1. Plankton - organisms that can not make a forward motion against a current (1) phytoplankton - photosynthetic producers (2) zooplankton - primary consumers (3) Neuston – Those that float on the surface- Portuguese Man of War 2. Nekton: swimming animals ex. fish, mammals, birds, reptiles

  8. c. benthos - bottom dwellers (2) infauna - live in the substrate ex. worms (1) epifauna - walk on the substrate ex. crabs d. demersal - hover, swim or rest at or near the bottom ex. flounder, skate, rays e. sessile - attached ex. barnacles, sponges NOAA

  9. Organisms which cannot swim against current and just float are called • Nekton • Demersal • Plankton • Benthic

  10. Plankton which are consumers are called • Phytoplankton • Zooplankton

  11. Flounder which Swim near the ocean bottom are known as • Demersal • Sessile • Infauna

  12. Organisms which live on the bottom like the crab is which type of benthic organism • Infauna • Epifauna • Outerfauna • Trifauna

  13. A sponge attached to the bottom is known as a _______ organism • Benthic • Nekton • Sessile • Plankton

  14. Marine Terms Ecology - study of the relationship of living organisms (biota) to the environment (abiotic or non-living part) Biotic – Living Abiotic – Non Living Each organism is structurally, chemically or behavioral adapted for a particular habitat (place) and occupies a particular niche (job).

  15. Ecosystems have 2 or more communities whose life style is related to a unique habitat. Ex: coral reefs, polar seas Changes in the components will have unpredictable effects, but ecosystems have remarkable ways of restoration. The Biosphere is composed of many ecosystems, exhibiting great diversity, that are related by the interdependence of living things. NOAA

  16. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Individual

  17. Know Your Niche ! photo credit: Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Community living has an advantage by reducing competition, increasing variety and diversity. The general niches are: A. Producers - phytoplankton, start the food chains B. Consumers - herbivores, carnivores, omnivores - eat others C. Decomposers - scavengers, break down organic compounds into nutrients for producers

  18. Ecosystems of Energy In ecosystems, energy is cycled through these niches: autotrophs - produce food by photosynthesis or Chemosynthesis heterotrophs - consume autotrophs and other heterotrophs decomposers - rearrange organic materials into nutrients for autotrophs The amount of energy available to support life is called the carrying capacity.

  19. Food chains represent the steps in transferring energy through the ecosystem. Complex and integrated food chains are called food webs. A keystone specie is the critical biomass in an ecosystem because the food web is built around that particular organism. Energy can be representations by trophic pyramids that compare the number of organisms in a population, or the weight (biomass) of organisms, or the productivity (energy calories). Populations needed

  20. Why does the amount of energy change if energy is never created or destroyed? 1. It can be converted into unusable forms such as heat or for an organisms’ respiration, metabolism, and predation. 2. Not all parts of an organism have food value or provide calories. ex: bones, scales USDA

  21. Which is an Abiotic factor • Water • Coral • Fish • Bacteria

  22. A tuna would be considered a(n) • Abiotic Factor • Biotic Factor

  23. Organisms which make their own food are called • Heterotrophs • Autotrophs • Omnivores • Herbivores

  24. This group returns nutrients back into the ecosystem • Autotrophs • Heterotrophs • Decomposers

  25. The base of any energy pyramid starts with • Autotrophs • Heterotrophs • Decomposers • None of the above

More Related