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Central Nervous System Anatomy

Central Nervous System Anatomy. Lesson 5. Functional Anatomy: CNS. Major Divisions Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain Know structure name, location & general function Major fiber systems CNS vs PNS terminology nucleus vs. ganglion tracts vs. nerves ~. Telencephalon - Cortex.

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Central Nervous System Anatomy

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  1. Central Nervous System Anatomy Lesson 5

  2. Functional Anatomy: CNS • Major Divisions • Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain • Know structure name, location & general function • Major fiber systems • CNS vs PNS terminology • nucleus vs. ganglion • tracts vs. nerves ~

  3. Telencephalon - Cortex • Gray Matter • Somas and Dendrites (neuron cell bodies) • Organized in layers • some input, some output • Neocortex • 6 layers ~

  4. Telencephalon - Fiber Systems • White Matter - myelinated axons • 3 types of fiber systems • Commissural • Association • Projection ~

  5. Commissural Fibers • Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres • Corpus Callosum • Anterior and Posterior • Hippocampal ~

  6. Anterior Anterior

  7. Forebrain Fibers Systems • Association Fibers • interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere • Projection Fibers • all other *CNS fiber systems • Fornix • Corticospinal tract • Mammillothalamic tract • Naming convention ~

  8. Hemispheres Left Right Association Commissural Projection

  9. Subcortical: Limbic System • Emotion; Learning & Memory • Structures • Cingulate gyrus • Hippocampus • Amygdala • Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Mammilary bodies • Olfactory bulbs • Fornix ~

  10. Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus Amygdala

  11. Striatum Lenticular Nucleus Subcortical: Basal Ganglia • Extrapyramidal Motor System • Caudate • Putamen • Globus Pallidus • Claustrum ~

  12. Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate

  13. Forebrain Subcortical Areas • Diencephalon • Surrounds 3rd ventricle • Thalamus • sensory and motor relay nuclei • Hypothalamus • motivation & emotion ~

  14. Thalamus • Lateral Geniculate Nuclei • LGN • vision • Medial Geniculate Nuclei • MGN • audition • Ventroposterior Nuclei - VPL & VPM • Somatosensation ~

  15. Hypothalamus • 4Fs • Feeding • Fighting • fleeing, and ... • mating • Controls the pituitary gland ~

  16. Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Stalk

  17. Mesencephalon • Surrounds cerebral aqueduct • Tectum • Superior Colliculi - vision • Inferior Colliculi - audition • Tegmentum ~

  18. Thalamus Superior Colliculi Inferior Colliculi Tectum

  19. Tegmentum • Periaqueductal Gray • analgesia • Reticular Formation – • sleep and arousal • attention • Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra • motor system • Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) • reinforcement ~

  20. Reticular formation PAG Red Nucleus Substantia Nigra Cross-section of Tegmentum Dorsal Ventral Tegmental Area

  21. Metencephalon • Surrounds fourth ventricle • Cerebellum • coordinates movements • Pons • Sleep and arousal • Reticular formation ~

  22. Myelencephalon • Medulla • “Vital Centers” • Reticular formation • Pyramids ~

  23. Thalamus Medulla

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