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Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia. ~ Characteristics ~ . Multicellular Eukaryotic with no cell walls Heterotrophs (consumers) . ~ Characteristics ~. Have a nervous system to respond to their environment Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food Most animals develop from a zygote becoming a

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia

  2. ~ Characteristics ~ Multicellular Eukaryotic with no cell walls Heterotrophs (consumers)

  3. ~ Characteristics ~ • Have a nervous system to respond to their environment • Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food • Most animals develop from a zygote becoming a • A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.

  4. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~ • The gastrula ismade up of three parts: • Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula,grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue. • Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula,develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. • Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.

  5. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~ • Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes. • Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.

  6. ~Body Plans ~ • Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical. • Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

  7. ~ Body Plans ~ • An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. • An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

  8. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

  9. ~ Body Plans ~ • Acoelomates– animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities. • Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm. • Coelomates – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.

  10. ~ Protection and Support ~ • Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups: • Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment. • Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.

  11. ~Invertebrates~ • 8 main phyla • No backbones • 95% of all animals are in this group

  12. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ • Sponges • simplest form of animal life • live in water • Do not move around • no symmetry • Pores (holes) all over body • 5000 species

  13. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ • Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.

  14. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~ • Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

  15. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • Live in water • Most have tentacles • catch food with stinging cells • gut for digesting

  16. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • 2 different shapes • Medusa - like a jellyfish • Polyp - like a hydra

  17. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ • Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

  18. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Flatworms • Flat, ribbon-like body • Live in water or are parasites • bilateral symmetry

  19. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Examples: Planaria • eyespots detect light • food and waste go in and out the same opening

  20. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Examples: Tapeworm • Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

  21. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~ • Examples: Fluke • parasite • lives inside of host

  22. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ • Roundworms • Round, tubular body • small or microscopic • bilateral symmetry • have both a mouth and anus • Live in water or are parasites

  23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ • Examples: • Hookworm • Trichinella

  24. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ • Soft bodies • Hard Shells • Live on land or in water • have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system. • Important food source for humans

  25. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropoda • snails and slugs • may have 1 shell • stomach-footed - move on stomach

  26. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves • 2 shells hinged together • clams, oysters, scallops and mussels

  27. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Cephalopods • squids and octopuses • internal mantel

  28. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Segemented worms • Body divided into segments(sections) • Live in water or underground • have a nervous and circulatory system

  29. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class Earthworms • eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

  30. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class bristleworms

  31. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ • Class leeches • parasites that feed on blood of other animals

  32. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ • Hard, spiny skin • Live in salt water • Radial symmetry • name means ‘spiney skinned’ • endoskeleton

  33. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~ • Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

  34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ • Body divided into sections/segments • Exoskeleton • Jointed legs • well developed nervous system • largest group of organisms on earth

  35. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ • 3 subphylums: • Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

  36. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ SubphylumChilicerata is divided into 3 classes Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites Merostomata – horseshoe crabs Pycnogonida – sea spiders

  37. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata • Class – Arachnida • no antennae • 4 pairs of legs • 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen • spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

  38. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata • Class Merostomata • Horseshoe crabs • Ancient group of species • Changed little over 350 million years • Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

  39. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata • Class Pycnogonida • Sea spider

  40. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea 5 Classes • Aquatic ones have gills • 2 antennae • 2 body regions or segmented • Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods • Many species taste delicious in butter

  41. Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes • Class Insecta (insects) • Class Chilopoda (Centipedes) • Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

  42. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia • Class Insecta • no antennae • 3 pairs of legs • 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen • grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

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