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A New Industrial Age

A New Industrial Age. Expansion of Industry. Becoming an Industrial Nation Factors : Wealth of natural resources Government support for businesses Growing urban population Cheap labor pool New markets for new products. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization. Oil Edwin Drake

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A New Industrial Age

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  1. A New Industrial Age

  2. Expansion of Industry • Becoming an Industrial Nation Factors: • Wealth of natural resources • Government support for businesses • Growing urban population • Cheap labor pool • New markets for new products

  3. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization • Oil • Edwin Drake • Rise of the Refining Industry • Bessemer Steel • Iron: Plentiful yet not flexible • Steel: Expensive  • Bessemer Process • Cheaper, faster, stronger, BETTER!

  4. New uses for steel: • Railroads • Barbed wire • Construction- skyscrapers, bridges

  5. Inventions • Thomas Edison • light bulb • Christopher Sholes • Typewriter • Alexander Graham Bell • telephone

  6. Furthering Industrialization: • development of the airplane • expansion of the railroads • mass production of automobiles • widespread use of steamboats

  7. Importance of the Railroads • Aided Westward Expansion • Made movement in the West easier, faster, and safer • Employed thousands of immigrants • Destroyed Buffalo • Pushed Native Americans to reservations • Developed Time Zones

  8. I've been working on the railroad All the live-long day. I've been working on the railroad Just to pass the time away. Don't you hear the whistle blowing, Rise up so early in the morn; Don't you hear the captain shouting, "Dinah, blow your horn!" What is the song about? What is the tone of the song? How do you know that? What people are mentioned? Who are they? What does the song tell us about railroad work?

  9. The Grange vs. The Railroads • Charged farmers really high prices • Misused government land and money • Kept farmers in debt • 1st monopoly • Question: • Should the government regulate? • Passage of the: • Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

  10. Philosophies of the late 1800s • Laissez faire- government should not regulate business; common practice • Social Darwinism- applied “natural selection” to evolution of human society • “Success and failure in business and society are governed by natural law—no one has the right not intervene” (6.a)

  11. Andrew Carnegie • Captain of Steel Industry • Manufactured more steel than all of Great Britain • Organized business- vertical integration

  12. Gospel of Wealth

  13. Fewer Control More • Monopolies • J.P. Morgan (Carnegie Steel) • John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Trust) • Standard Oil Company • Controlled 90% of refineries • Philanthropists • Horizontal Integration

  14. Robber Barons-businessmen who used what were considered to be exploitative practices to amass their wealth. These practices included exerting control over natural resources, accruing high levels of government influence, paying extremely low wages, squashing competition by accruing competitors to start monopolies.

  15. What kind of stories would McClure’s have published in the 1880’s? What topics would they have written about? Pictures? Role of mass media in forming public opinion?

  16. Sherman Antitrust Act- 1890 law passed to outlaw trusts/ monopolies that interfered with free trade

  17. Why did women join the workforce? • What impact did women have on the workforce? • How were they treated differently from men?

  18. What impact did children have on the workforce? Why would company owners want to use child labor? • What role did immigrants play in industrialization?

  19. Labor Unions Emerge • Issues Workers Faced Daily: • 12 hr. Workday • 6 days a week • No Time off (Vacation or Sick) • No unemployment or Workers’ Comp • Unsafe Working Conditions • Children forced to work • Tenements—(Horrible Living Conditions)

  20. Read quote pg. 245 What was the topic of Riis’ book? As a result of this book, how did the city govt improve the lives of the people? How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis

  21. Read about each Union…Define each union’s characteristics…Decide why you would join…(pg 244-246)

  22. How does this cartoon relate to unions?

  23. Labor Union Strikes • Great Strike of 1877: • Protested Pay Cut • 50,000 miles of RR work came to halt • Federal Troops ended it…WHY?? • Haymarket Riot of 1886: • Workers Protested treatment • Bomb went off, killing many • How did this affect the KofL?

  24. Labor Union Strikes • Homestead Strike of 1892: • Steel workers/Pay Cuts • Pinkertons • Shootouts! • Pullman Strike of 1894: • RR Workers/Wage Cuts • Arbitration • Federal Troops

  25. A Fight for the Women • Equal Pay for Equal Work • Better Working Conditions • End of Child Labor • Mary Harris Jones • ILGWU • International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union • All Women • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

  26. The Employers’ Reactions • Refused to Recognize • Banned Meetings • Fired Union Members • Used “yellow dog”contracts • Had Courts siding with companies (claimed they were halting commerce) • Used injunctions against strikes to force strikers back to work

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