Progressivism

1. Progressivism Chapter 9

2. What is Progressivism • Movement to make government more responsive to the people • Four Goals: • Protect Social Welfare • Promote Moral Improvement • Economic Reform • Increased Efficiency

3. Social Welfare Pushed for better working conditions • Helped the poor • Promoted better lives for women and children • YMCA, Salvation Army created • Florence Kelley: • Advocate for improving women and children’s lives • Pushed for an end to child labor • Pushed for a limit to the # of hours women were expected to work

4. Moral Improvement • Wanted to help the poor by improving their personal behavior • Attempt to eliminate child labor: however many companies ignored the new regulations/laws • Prohibition: WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union)

5. Economic Reform • Worker’s feared capitalism and embraced socialism • Wanted a more even distribution of wealth between the rich and poor • Muckrakers – journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business

6. Efficiency • Henry Ford’s Assembly Line • Increased pay to $5 a day • Increased productivity and efficiency • Created high worker turnover • Reduced workday hours • Science used to study how to make the work place more efficient…Scientific Management • Limiting of working hours – save on costs of production

7. Government Reform • Local Government: • Limit corruption • City managers hired • Increased participation • State Level • Limit corruption • Limit monopolies • Child labor laws (Keating-Owen Act) • prohibited transportation of goods produced by children across state lines • 10 hr work day • Worker’s comp • secret union ballot • 17th Amend • Direct election of senators by popular vote instead of state legislature

8. Power of the People • Initiative • Bill originated by the people • Recall • Ability of voters to remove public officials by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term • Referendum • Vote on an initiative

9. Working Women • Worked in industry though not allowed to join the union • 1:5 women worked at the turn of the century • Paid less than men for the same job • Domestic labor

10. Reform • Wanted to create options for women besides marriage • NACW – Nat. Assoc. of Colored Women • Fought for shorter working hours and better conditions

11. Suffrage • Susan B. Anthony & Carrie Chapman Catt - leaders • NAWSA - Nat. Amer. Women Suffrage Assoc. • Strategy for the vote: • 1. state level: attempted to get state legislatures to give them the vote • 2. challenged the 14th Amendment which punished states that didn’t allow all men to vote. Aren’t women citizens too? Supreme Court ruled that citizenship didn’t guarantee the right to vote • 3. pushed for a national constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote • 19th Amendment passed in 1920 during Wilson’s presidency • ..\My Videos\Ch 9 The Progressive Era.wmv

12. Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Purpose • Protect the common people from big business and corrupt government • Trust-busting: • Trusts: holding companies that controlled stock in companies • Roosevelt didn’t believe that all trusts were bad, but sought to protect people from “harmful” trusts • Robert M. LaFollette – governor who pushed to regulate big business

13. Square Deal cont’d. • ..\My Videos\Ch 9 The Square Deal.wmv • 1902 Coal Strike • Roosevelt intervened because it was impacting the country • This established the role of the govt in protecting public welfare for the future • Railroad Regulation • ICC: Interstate Commerce Commission • Set up to keep railroads from charging high prices • Elkins Act • Made it illegal to give rebates to shippers for using their company • Hepburn Act • Limited use of railroad passes for bribery

14. S.D. cont’d. • Health Issues • Meat Inspection Act • Requirements for cleanliness • Upton Sinclair – “The Jungle” • Pure Food and Drug Act • Truth in labeling for foods and drugs • Conservation of natural resources – Yellowstone National Park • National Reclamation Act • Sold land in the west to fund projects for irrigation (Roosevelt Dam) and preserve water

15. President Taft • Roosevelt vowed not to run for re-election, so he hand-picked Taft (his Sec. of War) • Republican • Believed in cautious progressivism • Did not expand on Roosevelt’s reforms • Payne-Aldrich Tariff – compromise of the Aldrich Bill which only moderated tax rates on manufactured goods. This angered the progressives who wanted to protect the middle-class • Not very popular among his own party • Republican party splits

16. Splitting of the Republican Party • Taft’s caution caused the split • Democrats gained control of the House in the next election • Bull Moose Party created • Progressives • Nominated Roosevelt as their candidate

17. Election of 1912 • Democrats - Woodrow Wilson • Bull Moose – Roosevelt • Republican – Taft Wilson Wins the Election!!!!!!

18. The Wilson Presidency • “New Freedom” • “Progressive” ideas; however, southern upbringing prevented him from aiding the civil rights movement • Antitrust • FTC – regulates business activities, stock • Clayton Anti-trust Act (1914) – strengthened Sherman Act to stop monopolies

19. Wilson cont’d. • Economy • Wilson wanted lower tariffs (what are tariffs?) • Underwood Act – significant cut in tariffs, businesses were opposed • 16th Amendment – graduated taxes • Creation of the Fed • Federal Reserve System • Video

20. Civil Rights under Wilson • Southern upbringing • Campaigned he would support civil rights, but didn’t • Opposed anti-lynching legislation • Appointed a cabinet of white southerners that further spread segregation • NAACP: Goal - equality among the races

21. American Imperialism Chapter 10

22. What is imperialism? • Strong nations extend their economic, political and/or military control over weaker nations • Who was using a policy of imperialism besides the U.S.? • Many European nations • Russia • Japan

23. Why Imperialism? • New market for goods • Overproduction – forced to look for new places to sell goods • Source of raw materials • Increased military strength • U.S. – 3rd largest navy under Alfred Mahan, allowed us to compete • Belief in superiority (relig. & culture) • Competition with other nations

24. Alaska • Became 49th state - 1959 • William Seward – “Seward’s Folly” • Arranged for purchase from Russia for 7.2 million • Excellent source for raw materials • Especially oil

25. Hawaii • Became 50th state – 1959 • Important • Economically (resources) • Militarily (Pearl Harbor estab. In 1887) • John Stevens • Overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and set up govt. • Sanford Dole was head of govt. (governor) • Eventually annexed as a state

26. Cuba • U.S. offered to buy from Spain, but Spain refused to sell • Cubans rebelled against Spain (Jose Marti) • Hoped to provoke U.S. intervention • De Lome Letter • Letter from Spanish foreign minister that criticized Pres. McKinley, upset U.S. • U.S.S. Maine – destroyed

27. Cuba cont’d. • U.S. declares war against Spain (i.e. Spanish-American War) • Begins in Philippines (Spanish colony) • George Dewey and U.S. defeat Spain • Rough Riders • Volunteer cavalry, led by T. Roosevelt • U.S. victory at San Juan Hill

28. Cuba cont’d. again • Treaty of Paris • Cuba freed from Spain • Guam, Puerto Rico turned over to U.S. • Debate over treaty • Did we have the right to annex Cuba? • Were we denying them the right to govern themselves?

29. Cuba, yet again • Platt Amendment • Cuba couldn’t make agreements that would impede it’s independence • U.S. had right to intervene • Couldn’t have a large debt • U.S. could have military bases and naval stations there • Protectorate – partially controlled by U.S. • Bullied trading partner of U.S. • ..\My Videos\Ch 10 - Imperial Ambition.wmv

30. Puerto Rico • U.S. occupied during Spanish-American War • Foraker Act • Ended military rule • Established a civil government • U.S. appointed majority of their govt. • U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans in 1917 • It is a “commonwealth” today.

31. Philippines • Emilio Aguinaldo • Led rebellion against U.S. • Felt that U.S. promised independence, but instead was trying to annex them • Rebellion • Lasted three years • U.S. used similar concentration camp practices Spain had used in Cuba • Independent • U.S. set up govt. system for them • Granted independence in 1946

32. Open Door Policy John Hay Nations would share trading rights with China Felt we had the right to intervene to keep trade open Feared restricted access would threaten U.S. success Boxer Rebellion Chinese became resentful of outside influences Rebelled Thousands of Chinese died China

33. Mexico • Rebellion • Due to unstable government • Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata – rebelled against Mexico’s govt. • John J. Pershing • U.S. general, goal was to capture rebels • U.S. intervention in Mexico set up our policy regarding U.S. imperialism

34. U.S. as a World Power • Russia & Japan (peacekeeper) • U.S. negotiated peace over Korea • Panama Canal • Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – U.S. received rights to build and control canal • 1904-1914 • $380 million to build • Roosevelt Corollary • “speak softly and carry a big stick” • Demanded that European countries stay out of Latin America • “dollar diplomacy” – U.S. govt. guaranteed loans made to foreign countries by American businesses