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By multiple colleagues from DTU, MU and UGent

Semi Hypothetical Case City Archetypes -The ScorePP approach to evaluating Emission Control Strategies (1 st preliminary version of D9.6). By multiple colleagues from DTU, MU and UGent. 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

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By multiple colleagues from DTU, MU and UGent

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  1. Semi Hypothetical Case City Archetypes-The ScorePP approach to evaluating Emission Control Strategies(1st preliminary version of D9.6) By multiple colleagues from DTU, MU and UGent 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 2Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, United Kingdom. 3Environmental Monitoring, City of Stockholm, Sweden

  2. Content • Introduction • The ScorePP focus and approach • Lack of data • Emission Control Strategies • Case Cities and ”Semi Hypothetical Case City Archetypes” • Examples of preliminary results

  3. D+T D+T T +T T D+T The ScorePP approach Example: Combined system: • Limiting release through: • Substitution • Minimising release from products • Legislation and regulations • Voluntary use reductions R+T • Treatment options: • Stormwater BMPs • Household treatment & reuse of WW • On-site industrial treatment • WWTPs • Sludge disposal T O • Sinks: • Primary: Surface water (WFD) • Secondary: Sediments, soils, • groundwater, vegetation, air, humans, ...

  4. Limiting release and emissions • Pre-Application Control: Voluntary and regulatory initiatives, legislation, preventative measures, phasing out, substitutions etc • Pre-Environmental Release Treatment: municipal and industrial WWTPs and greywater as well as combined sewer overflows treatment etc • Post-Environmental Release Control and Treatment: structural and non-structural stormwater best management practices, management of sinks etc

  5. WP2: Analysis of case cities • 2.1 Baseline studies in case cities • 2.2 Identification of PPs for further work in case cities • 2.3 Improved monitoring in case cities (presented yesterday) • 2.4 Identification of appropriate emission control strategies in case cities • 2.5 Substance flow analysis for selected PPs in case cities • 2.6 Evaluation of identified emission control strategies

  6. CITY OF STOCKHOLM Cadmium loads (kg/year) in case city A and B

  7. WP2: Analysis of case cities • 2.1 Baseline studies in case cities • 2.2 Identification of PPs for further work in case cities • 2.3 Improved monitoring in case cities (presented yesterday) • 2.4 Identification of appropriate emission control strategies in case cities • 2.5 Substance flow analysis for selected PPs in case cities • 2.6 Evaluation of identified emission control strategies There is a huge lack of data Thus, we also work on a more general level, with ”semi-hypothetical case city archetypes” ...

  8. Cadmium Benzene DEHP Batteries Paints Plastics WATER Direct Urban Run-off (sep. stormw.) WATER Indirect (sewers) From: C. Viavattene, Middlesex University

  9. Emission Control Strategies (ECS) • Emission control strategies are combination of individual options(source control barriers or treatment units) • The ScorePP ECS’s: 1: Baseline 2: Implementation of relevant EU directives 3: 2 + Household voluntary initiatives and on-site treatment 4: 2 + Industrial Best Available Technologies 5: 2 + Post-Environmental Release Control and Treatment (stormwater and CSO) 6: 2 + Advanced end-of-pipe treatment

  10. Emission Control Strategies (ECS) • ECS1: Baseline (no treatment at all; only consisting of unlimited release based on the ES concept) • ECS2: Implementation of relevant EU directives; UWWT, sewage sludge and IPPC Directives etc. • ECS3: ECS2 + Household voluntary initiatives and on-site treatment, for example greywater treatment, household recycling of batteries, etc. • ECS4: ECS2 + Industrial BAT and beyond. Generic BAT is also applied to small-scale industries (facilities) in this case, such as barbershops or paint retailers that are not specifically covered elsewhere by chemical regulations. Technologies beyond current BAT that are implemented for large-scale production plants are also covered by this ECS.

  11. Emission Control Strategies (ECS) • ECS1: Baseline (no treatment at all; only consisting of unlimited release based on the ES concept) • ECS2: Implementation of relevant EU directives; UWWT, sewage sludge and IPPC Directives etc. • ECS 5: ECS2 + Post-Environmental Release Control and Treatment (stormwater, CSOs and old contaminated sinks). Here, stormwater treatment, street sweeping, mitigation and treatment of CSOs as well as cleanup of historical contamination (e.g., dredging of harbour sediment) is all included. • ECS 6: ECS2 + Advanced end-of-pipe treatment. The UWWT (91/271/EEC) calls for secondary treatment of urban wastewater, here tertiary treatment and advanced oxidation processes are explored.

  12. Three kinds of case cities • ScorePP case cities • Case cities in other European projects • Semi-hypothetical case city archetypes

  13. ScorePP case cities • Prague (Czech republic) • Stockholm (Sweden) • Saint Malo (France) • San Sebastian (Spain) • Quebec (Canada) Vastly different with respect to climate, industry, treatment technologies and environmental awareness. + Real-life monitoring, existing industries and release patterns etc - Limited by missing or confidential information

  14. Case cities in other European projects • Review of European water related projects (1998-2008) • 87 reviewed, 31 contacted and 17 replies • Primary selection criteria: • Geographical location • Good contacts • Secondary selection criteria: • City characteristics; Climate • End-users • Management & governance • Technique/structure

  15. ’Semi-hypothetical case city archetypes’ • Semi-hypothetical case cities are defined • Designed to represent different geographical and urban systems • All data needed for further work (modelling, visualisation, multi-criteria analysis, evaluation of emission control strategies) is by definition available, because we “construct it” !

  16. Emission Control Strategies for “semi-hypothetical case city archetypes” • Emission control strategies • Trends and prospects – case city 2025 • Urban system • Economical • Social • Stakeholder involvement • Technical • Urbanisation (% impermeable surfaces, housing density etc) • Industrialisation (%: heavy & light industry, white-collar business, agriculture etc) • Logistics (types and amounts of transport) • Government, legislature • Non-governmental organisations, voluntary initiatives • Resources (raw materials, refinement) • Economics: GNP, Gini coefficient • Social: Human Development Index (HDI) • Public/private waterworks and wastewater treatment plants • Geographical system • Climate • Environmental • Size (area, population, density) • Climate (inland/coastal; southern/northern) • Water resources (groundwater, surface water, desalination) Emission control strategies Urban system Geographical system

  17. SHCCA’s and ECS’s • Two SHCCA’s defined, a Eastern Europe Inland (EI) and a Nordic Europe Coastal (NC) • EI • 1.2 M inhabitants • GDP per head: 40 000 EUR • EPER-level A: 70 • 50% combined sewers • NC • 0.51 M inhabitants • GDP per head: 80 000 EUR • EPER-level A: 30 • 90% combined sewers • Both • Secondary treatment

  18. SFA’s and ECS evaluations in ScorePP

  19. Example: C10-13, SHCCA ”Eastern Inland”

  20. Example: C10-13, SHCCA ”Eastern Inland”

  21. Example: DEHP, SHCCA ”Northern Coastal”

  22. Example: DEHP, SHCCA ”Northern Coastal”

  23. Example: scenario: decoupling stormwater (infiltration pond) Infiltration pond soil (ug/kg solids) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Combined sewer system Stormwater to infiltration ponds 23

  24. Conclusions • The examples shown here are ”preliminary”, i.e. the actual numbers and the way to present them may change over the next months • The overall aim is to synthesize as much information from the project as possible, in task 9.6 and 9.7 • Emission Control Strategies are combinations of individual Emission Control Options • Semi-Hypothetical Case City Archetypes are defined to allow generalisation and avoid problems with lacking data • We have defined a range of ”standardised” ECS (#1-#6) that we will evaluate for selected SHCCA’s, as well as for the case cities • This, remaining part of the work will focus on a selection of PPs as shown previously

  25. Source Control Options for Reducing Emission of Priority Pollutants from Urban Areas www.scorepp.eu Project Coordinator: Peter Steen Mikkelsen DTU Environment, Dept. of Environ. Engineering Technical University of Denmark psm@env.dtu.dk • Thanks to colleagues from DTU Environment: • H.-C. Holten Lützhøft, E. Eriksson, L. Vezzaro, H. Birch, A. Ledin • to many other colleagues from: • Middlesex University, UK • Gent University, Belgium • Anjou Recherge, France • ENVICAT Consulting, Belgium • University of Ljubljana, Slovenia • ESTUDIS, Spain • Environmental Monitoring, Stockholm City, Sweden • modelEAU, Canada • and to the European Commission:

  26. Now! Project plan Advisory board, PPRIS Case studies Establishing technical-scientific facts GIS, models, monitoring Socio-economic and integrated analyses

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