Terms for “The War Ends”

Terms for “The War Ends” • Battle of the Bulge = US victory. Germany exhausted and has little left to prevent Allies from entering Germany. • Manhattan Project = Secret program to build an Atomic Bomb • Nuremburg Trials = Nazi leaders charged with “Crimes against humanity”.

WARM UP • WHAT DID FDR AND CHURCHILL AGREE TO AT CASABLANCA? • WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF MASSIVE BOMBING CAMPAIGN OVER GERMANY? • WHAT WAS THE RESULT OF THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN? • WHAT AGREEMENTS WERE MADE BETWEEN CHURCHILL, FDR, AND STALIN AT TEHRAN? • WHO DID FDR CHOOSE TO COMMAND OPERATION OVERLORD? • WHAT ARE DID THE GERMANS BELIEVE THE ALLIES WOULD MOST LIKELY LAND IN REGARD TO THE INVASION OF EUROPE? • WHERE DID THE ALLIES LAND? • WHICH BEACH SUFFERED THE MOST CASUALTIES? • WHY WAS D-DAY SUCCESS SO VITAL TO ALLIED VICTORY? • WHAT WAS THE MILITARY STRATEGY CALLED IN REGARD TO GOING ON THE OFFENSIVE IN THE PACIFIC? • WHAT WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT MILITARY FACTOR IN REGARD TO ISLAND HOPPING?

WWII ENDS

SETTING THE STAGE • FIERCE FIGHTING IN BOTH EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC DURING 1945 LED TO THE DEFEAT OF THE AXIS POWERS. THE ALLIES BEGAN WAR CRIMES TRIALS AND SET UP A GLOBAL PEACEKEEPING ORGANIZATION TO PREVENT ANOTHER GLOBAL WAR.

THE THIRD REICH COLLAPSES • HEDGEROWS SURROUNDED MANY FIELDS IN NORMANDY = GERMANS CAN EASILY DEFEND!! • ON JULY 25, 1944, AMERICAN BOMBERS BLEW A HOLE IN GERMAN LINES AND AMERICAN TANKS RAN THROUGH • ON AUGUST 25, THE ALLIES LIBERATED PARIS

BATTLE OF THE BULGE • HITLER STAGED LAST DESPERATE OFFENSIVE CATCHING AMERICANS BY SURPRISE • GENERAL PATTON AND HIS TROOPS SLAMMED INTO GERMAN LINES • WE WIN

THE WAR ENDS IN EUROPE • BY THE TIME THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE ENDS, THE SOVIETS HAD PUSHED GERMANS OUT OF RUSSIA • SOVIETS PUSH TOWARDS BERLIN FROM EAST, AMERICANS FROM THE WEST • SOVIET TROOPS ENTER BERLIN ON APRIL 21ST, 1945 • BY APRIL 30TH, HITLER COMMITTS SUICIDE • VE DAY MAY 8, 1945

JAPAN IS DEFEATED • FDR DIES ON APRIL 12, 1945 = HARRY TRUMAN PRESIDENT • ISLAND HOPPING CAMPAIGNS GIVE US AIR SUPERIORITY, SAVAGE COMBAT ……THE PACIFIC • US MARINES INVADE IWO JIMA TO SET UP AN AIRBASE TO BOMB JAPAN • 6,800 MARINES DIED AT IWO JIMA, AS JAPANESE DEFENDERS FOUGHT TO THE DEATH = BANZAI AND KAMIKAZEES

FIREBOMBING JAPAN • B-29’S DROPPED BOMBS ON JAPAN FILLED W/ NAPALM • TOKYO DESTROYED, BUT JAPAN REFUSES TO SURRENDER • MARINES INVADE OKINAWA TO SET UP A STAGING BASE FOR INVASION OF JAPAN • 12,000 AMERICANS DIED = BLOODIEST BATTLE IN HISTORY OF MARINES

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT • REASONS FOR DROPPING THE A-BOMB: • SAVE MILLIONS OF LIVES, BOTH AMERICAN AND JAPANESE • END THE WAR QUICKLY • THEY STARTED IT • AUG 6, 1945 A-BOMB DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA • AUG. 9 A-BOMB DROPPED ON NAGASAKI • AUG 15 – VJ DAY

BUILDING A NEW WORLD • UNITED NATIONS CREATED AFTER WWII TO PROMOTE GLOBAL COOPERATION AND PEACE • GENERAL ASSEMBLY = EACH MEMBER NATION GETS A VOTE • SECURITY COUNCIL = 11, BUT 5 PERMANENT = GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, RUSSIA, CHINA, USA = VETO POWER • SECURITY COUNCIL CAN SEND MILITARY FORCES TO UPHOLD RESOLUTIONS OR MOVE AGAINST A NATION ACTING IN DEFIANCE OF PEACE

PUTTING THE ENEMY ON TRIAL • IN AUGUST, 1945, THE USA, BRITIAN, FRANCE, AND THE USSR CREATED THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY TRIBUNAL • AT THE NUREMBERG TRIALS, THE IMT TRIED GERMAN LEADERS FOR WAR CRIMES ‘CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY” • MANY OF THESE LEADERS WERE EXECUTED • SEVERAL JAPANESE LEADERS WERE ALSO TRIED AND EXECUTED.

REFLECTION • WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF THE HEDGEROWS? • WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE? • WHO BECAME PRESIDENT AFTER THE DEATH OF FDR? • WHY DID AMERICAN WAR PLANNERS WANT TO INVADE THE ISLAND OF IWO JIMA?’ • WHY WAS NAPALM MORE EFFECTIVE THAN BOMBING WITH HIGH EXPLOSIVES? • WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTLE OF OKINAWA? • WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT? • WHAT EVENTS FINALLY FORCED JAPAN TO SURRENDER? • HOW WAS THE UNITED NATIONS DESIGNED TO PREVENT ANOTHER GLOBAL WAR? • WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NUREMBURG TRIALS?

Terms for “The War Ends”