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Euclid: A legend in mathematics

Euclid: A legend in mathematics. "Hitch your wagon to a star." --Ralph Waldo Emerson. The father of Geometry. Euclid developed his mathematical reasoning based on POSTULATES or what some people call AXIOMS (say it like “axe-e- yums ”).

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Euclid: A legend in mathematics

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  1. Euclid: A legend in mathematics "Hitch your wagon to a star."--Ralph Waldo Emerson

  2. The father of Geometry • Euclid developed his mathematical reasoning based on POSTULATES or what some people call AXIOMS (say it like “axe-e-yums”) • Postulates or what some people call axioms are used to prove THEOREMS (say it like “thear-ums” where “thear” rhymes with fear). In case you thought I forgot! • Postulates or Axioms: are accepted rules without proof. • Theorems: are rules that can be proven.

  3. Points • Points do not have actual size. • How to Sketch: Using dots • How to label: Use capital letters Never name two points with the same letter (in the same sketch). A B A C

  4. Lines • Lines extend indefinitely and have no thickness or width. • How to sketch : using arrows at both ends. • How to name: 2 ways (1) small script letter – line n (2) any two points on the line - • Never name a line using three points - n A B C

  5. Collinear Points • Collinear points are points that lie on the same line. (The line does not have to be visible.) • A point lies on the line if the coordinates of the point satisfy the equation of the line. Ex: To find if A (1, 0) is collinear with the points on the line y = -3x + 3. Substitute x = 1 and y = 0 in the equation. 0 = -3 (1) + 3 0 = -3 + 3 0 = 0 The point A satisfies the equation, therefore the point is collinear with the points on the line. A B C Collinear C A B Non collinear

  6. Planes • A plane is a flat surface that extends indefinitely in all directions. • How to sketch: Use a parallelogram (four sided figure) • How to name: 2 ways (1) Capital script letter – Plane M (2) Any 3 non collinear points in the plane - Plane: ABC/ ACB / BAC / BCA / CAB / CBA A M B C Horizontal Plane Vertical Plane Other

  7. Different planes in a figure: A B Plane ABCD Plane EFGH Plane BCGF Plane ADHE Plane ABFE Plane CDHG Etc. D C E F H G

  8. Other planes in the same figure: Any three non collinear points determine a plane! Plane AFGD Plane ACGE Plane ACH Plane AGF Plane BDG Etc.

  9. Coplanar Objects Coplanar objects (points, lines, etc.) are objects that lie on the same plane. The plane does not have to be visible. Are the following points coplanar? A, B, C ? Yes A, B, C, F ? No H, G, F, E ? Yes E, H, C, B ? Yes A, G, F ? Yes C, B, F, H ? No

  10. Intersection of Figures The intersection of two figures is the set of points that are common in both figures. The intersection of two lines is a point. m Line m and line n intersect at point P. P n Continued…….

  11. 3 Possibilities of Intersection of a Line and a Plane (1) Line passes through plane – intersection is a point. (2) Line lies on the plane - intersection is a line. (3) Line is parallel to the plane - no common points.

  12. Intersection of Two Planes is a Line. B P A R Plane P and Plane R intersect at the line

  13. Segment and Angle Addition Post.

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