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Classification: Using Dichotomous Keys

Classification: Using Dichotomous Keys . Have you ever wondered what some plant or some animal was called?. There have been over 1 million species identified and named (classified) on earth. (Though scientists estimate that there are somewhere between 10-100 million species on earth.)

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Classification: Using Dichotomous Keys

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  1. Classification:Using Dichotomous Keys

  2. Have you ever wondered what some plant or some animal was called? • There have been over 1 million species identified and named (classified) on earth. (Though scientists estimate that there are somewhere between 10-100 million species on earth.) • We can’t possibly memorize all of them so we rely on keys made by specific experts to identify them.

  3. For ex: What if we have little knowledge of these organisms? The Genus name of typical bird/reptile specimens… ? Anas ? Anolis ? Malaclemys Gallas Elaphe ? ?

  4. Dichotomous Key • A dichotomous key uses a series of paired questions to identify previously classified/named organisms

  5. Dichotomous Key The Genus name of typical specimens… 1. a) It has feathers …………… Go to 2 b) No feathers …………… Go to 3 2. a) It has webbed feet………… Anas b) No webbed feet…….….... Gallas 3. a) It has legs……………………Go to 4 b) No legs…………………….. Elaphe 4. a) It has a “shell” …………….. Malaclemys b)No shell………………………. Anolis

  6. Your turn! • Use a typical dichotomous key to identify the common name of the Arizona fish species pictured. • Become an expert and make your own dichotomous key for the given “organisms”.

  7. Classification of Life Journal Notes

  8. Classification • grouping organisms in a logical manner.

  9. Taxonomy • Grouping method based on: • Anatomy • DNA and proteins • Evolutionary relationship • Developmental similarities

  10. Important People • Aristotle (300 B.C.) • life: “Plant” or “Animal”. • Carl Linnaeus (1750s) • Grouped based on morphology • Came up with 7 levels of Taxonomy • We now use 8 levels

  11. How to Classify an Organism • Eight Major “taxa” or groups. • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  12. Scientific Names • 2 word scientific name. • Uses Latin • Binomial Nomenclature – “two name naming list”. • Genus species • How is it written? • Homosapiens

  13. Scientific Name Felisdomesticus Pantheraleo Canislupus Canis lupusfamiliaris Common Name House cat Lion Wolf Domestic dog Examples

  14. Domain = Kingdom = Phylum = Class = Order = Family = Genus = Species = Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens Example: Humans

  15. Assignment: • Arizona Animal classification assignment. Due Monday. You will present your animal to the class. Please be prepared.

  16. Classification of Life Journal Notes Continued

  17. Classification Today • Organisms are grouped based on evolutionary relationships • Cladogram:Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms

  18. Taxonomy Today • Based on: • Homology – Organisms with similarly evolved structures are grouped together. • Molecular Biology – Organisms with similar DNA are grouped together.

  19. Valid Cladograms: Show evolutionary relationships Conical Shells Appendages Crustaceans Gastropod Crab Limpet Crab Barnacle Barnacle Limpet Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES Cladogram – Based on Homology

  20. Cladogram of Modern Vertebrates

  21. C • Who is D’s closest relative? • What do the blue lines represent? • What do the green dots represent? Inherited characters Nodes are common ancestors

  22. Homework Assignment • AZ Plant Mini-Poster due Thursday • 17.2 Main Ideas and Figures worksheet due tomorrow.

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