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Revolutions in England

Explore England's tumultuous history with the English Civil War, Restoration, and Glorious Revolution, shaping modern democracy and civil rights. Learn about key figures like Charles I, Cromwell, and William of Orange.

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Revolutions in England

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  1. Revolutions in England Revolt, Restoration, and Glorious Revolution

  2. Opener – complete on a half sheet of paper • Absolute Monarch Cultural Czar France • Louis XIV Mercantilist Peter the Great Reformed • Russia Westernization Trade Versailles Complete the following sentences using the word bank provided. 1. _________ was the best example of an _______ because he made ______ the ________ capital of Europe. He promoted a ______ economic policy that enabled him to spend lots of money on _________ and schools for the arts. 2. _________ was the ________ of _______. He promoted ___________ of the nobles and encouraged them to have tea parties. He _______ his country but did not make it a world superpower because he didn’t promote ________ .

  3. Pair Work • Your table mate is your partner today! • You will take individual notes but you will be turning in one activity that you BOTH contribute to! • Use one chrome book for both of you. • One person log on. • Go to the following address: http://broderickvpa.weebly.com

  4. You should be able to answer at the end of class… • How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution, two different events, promote the development of the rights of Englishmen?

  5. Revolutions in England • Notes

  6. Why Should You Care? • Political democracy rests on the principal that gov’t derives (gets) its power from the consent (the “OK”) of the governed. • The foundations of English civil rights are: • 1. jury trial • 2. the Magna Carta ( • 3. common law • The English Civil War prompted further development of the rights of the common Englishman

  7. Revolution in England • At it’s core, the English Revolution was a struggle between the King and Parliament to determine what role each should play in governing England. • This wasn’t an easy question for them to answer.

  8. The Stuarts and Divine Right • Conflict One: Who should rule? • James the first, a Stuart, came to the throne in 1603 and believed in the Divine Right of Kings • Power from God and only has to answer to God • Parliament didn’t agree • Felt that governing England was a joint task • Conflict Two: Religion • The Puritans (Protestants in England inspired by Calvin) wanted the Church of England, an Anglican institution, to become more Protestant • The Puritans formed an important part of England’s House of Commons, the lower part of Parliament.

  9. The Stuarts and Divine Right • Conflict Explodes during Charles I’s, James’ son, rule • Charles believed in Divine Right • 1628- Parliament passed a petition prohibiting the passing of any taxes without Parliament’s consent • Charles accepted and then changed his mind because he realized it put limits on the King’s power • Charles tried to impose more ritual on the Church of England • He forced the Puritans to accept this so the Puritans started Thanksgiving in America 

  10. Civil War and the Commonwealth • Civil War Starts in 1642 • Cavaliers • Supporters of the King • Roundheads • Supporters of the Parliament • Parliament proved victorious due to Oliver Cromwell, military genius who trained his soldiers in the new military tactics • Cromwell purged Parliament of anyone who did not support him. • Rump Parliament had Charles I executed on January 30, 1649. • This horrified much of Europe • Rump Parliament abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords (a representative body in the government) and established England as a republic, or Commonwealth • Eventually, Cromwell and the Parliament don’t get a long, he abolishes them, and creates a military dictatorship.

  11. 1. Who gained power/land between 1642-1645?2. Why was the possession of London so important?3. Who held it for these four years?

  12. READ the ARTICLE!

  13. How they should be governed…

  14. The Restoration • Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658. • 1660- England returns to a monarchy with Charles II • Parliament • Kept much of it’s new power and played an important role in government • Restored power to the Church of England and placed restrictions on Catholics and Puritans • 1685- James II, Charles II’s brother, was a Catholic and suspended the laws Parliament made towards Catholics • Religion again became an issue. Everything was ok until James had a Catholic son with his second wife (his first wife provided two Protestant daughters)

  15. The Glorious Revolution • A group of English noblemen invited Dutch William of Orange, husband to Mary, to invade England. • 1688- William and Mary invaded England • James, wife, baby son fled to France • The Glorious Revolution shed no blood but put forth the question: who would be monarch? • 1689- Parliament offered William and Mary the thrown with the English Bill of Rights • Government established based on limited, or constitutional, monarchy • The monarchy only has the power granted to it by Parliament • Toleration Act- 1689 • Puritans were given the right to free public worship (not Catholics)

  16. The Glorious Revolution • Parliament destroyed the Divine Right theory of king-ship by replacing one King with another. • Parliament had asserted its right to be part of the government.

  17. Peter the Great changed Russia by • abolishing all social class distinctions • becoming constitutional monarchs • preventing wars with neighboring nations • introducing western ideas and customs Exit Slip – TO TURN IN!-Put on the back of your opener-Number to four and complete each answer as a STATEMENT • “God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none…And the like power have kings;…” • 2. Which idea is described by this passage? • Theory of divine right • Enlightened despotism • Social Darwinism • Constitutional monarchy “. . .The person of the King is sacred, and to attack him in any way is an attack on religion itself. Kings represent the divine majesty and have been appointed by Him to carry out His purposes. Serving God and respecting kings are bound together.” —Bishop Jacques Bossuet 3. This statement describes the philosophy that existed during the  Reformation Age of Absolutism Renaissance Industrial Revolution 4. Compare the Absolute Monarchies in France, Russia, and England. Name two things or ideas they held in common.

  18. 5. What happened to Cromwell AFTER he was buried? 6. Who gained power/land between 1642-1645?7. Why was the possession of London so important?8. Who held it for these four years?

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