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Revolutions in Russia

Revolutions in Russia. Chase Rich Sarah Oh Andrew Lee. Alexander III keeping Autocracy. 1881: Alexander III succeeded his father. Rule similar to predecessors Strengthening autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality. Autocracy: a government in which one person has the absolute power

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Revolutions in Russia

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  1. Revolutions in Russia Chase Rich Sarah Oh Andrew Lee

  2. Alexander III keeping Autocracy • 1881: Alexander III succeeded his father. • Rule similar to predecessors • Strengthening autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality. • Autocracy: a government in which one person has the absolute power • Czar: Russian ruler • Alexander III used harsh measures • Russian Orthodox church & Russian ONLY • Pogroms: organized violence against Jews

  3. Nicholas II Resists Change • Became czar in 1894. • Remained stubborn to father’s ways • Blinded him didn’t change with generation.

  4. Economic growth and it’s impact • Russia lagged in industrial world • 1900s : 4th rank producer of steal • Sergey Witte: czar’s most capable minister that launched Russia forward • 1863 and 1900 factories almost doubled in Russia • Trans-Siberian Railway: longest rail line

  5. Revolutionary movements • Growth of Industries many problems • Horrible working conditions, low wage, and child labor. • Started to organize strikes. • Big gap between the rich and the poor. • Mensheviks : group that wanted broad base of popular support for revolution • Bolsheviks: group that supported small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything (followed Marxism) • Lenin: major leader of Bolsheviks, formerly Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov

  6. Crises • Late 1800s: Russia breaks agreement with Japan • Japanese won • Bloody Sunday: revolution in 1905 • 200,000 petition better working conditions, more personal freedom, electing national legislature • Duma: Russia’s first parliament • 1914: Nicholas II drag Russia into WWI • Russia <Germans • Shows czars weak • Rasputin: self-described “holy man” that influenced czarina Alexandra • Czarina Alexandra: Nicholas II’s wife

  7. March Revolution • 1917: women textile workers revolution • 200,000 people • “Down with the autocracy” • Provisional government: temporary government • Duma established after Nicholas II was brought down • Soviets: local councils  workers, peasants, soldiers • Had influence on provisional government

  8. Bolsheviks Revolution • Lenin and Bolsheviks seized opportunity for power • Took out the czar • Bolsheviks  follow Marxism • Lenin immediately made changes • Red army: led by Leon Trotsky • Triumphed

  9. Lenin tries to restore order • 1921: capitalism NEP (new economic policy) • Encourage foreign investment • Organize russia into several self governing republics under one central • Bolsheviks rename as communist party • USSR: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Slowly recovered

  10. Why does it matter? • Nicholas II : leaders must change • Bolsheviks: seize moment • Lenin & Bolsheviks: beginning of modern communism • Russia: bad ruler = bad country • Revolutions & civil wars: harmful

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