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The Birth of the Industrial Revolution

The Birth of the Industrial Revolution . 5.1 | The Smoke has Settled, so Let’s Make More . Britain c.1750 . Majority of people live agriculturally Local lifestyle; limited movement By 1850 – Industry expands – cities expand – communications expand – Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (10 days).

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The Birth of the Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Birth of the Industrial Revolution 5.1 | The Smoke has Settled, so Let’s Make More

  2. Britain c.1750 • Majority of people live agriculturally • Local lifestyle; limited movement • By 1850 – Industry expands – cities expand – communications expand – Trans-Atlantic Telegraph (10 days)

  3. Agriculture Expands • Neolithic Revolution to 1700 AD • Education • Soil exhaustion • Mechanical seeder • Tulips in the Netherlands • Land enclosure • Efficiency outweighs equality

  4. The Black Forest And I mean Europe Yes, it was once a HUGE forest, hence the name So what happened?

  5. Coal • New, efficient, and everywhere • Powered steam engines that would power the industrial revolution • More coal = more production = more power • Soon, Everything was run by steam machines using coal

  6. Visitors to these Cities Described them as… “cloud of coal vapor” Pounding noise of steam engines Filthy stench of river

  7. Social Stratification • What we were working with • Wealthy (nobility) • Somewhat wealthy (merchants, bankers, and such) • Not wealthy (farmers and c.85%) • Industrial Revolution = entrepreneurs from private enterprise = new social class • Bourgeoisie = collection of the somewhat wealthy and the emerging wealthy • “Rags to Riches” • Eager to “get ahead”

  8. Capitalism Takes Root • Private enterprise invests in technology (capital) to out produce • Quality vs. Quantity • Mercantile system as “dumping grounds” • The Wealth of Nations

  9. Society begins to divide • Those not with the wealthy or bourgeoisie were left behind • Industrial working class • Lived outside the pleasant emerging neighborhoods • Stuck in the stanky slums • Contained in dirty, polluted tenements • No running water • No sewage • No waste system – rotting garbage everywhere • Runoff into rivers – contaminated water and stunk

  10. Life in the factories • The good ole times (agricultural) • Worked hard but … • Safer, cleaner, at your own pace, and seasonal • Industrial society • 12 to 16 hour shifts; 6 or 7 days a week • No regular breaks, no safety equipment – limb loss was common • Hazardous dust everywhere – Mines • Labor protests – Unions

  11. Women can work? I suppose, but let’s pay them half as much, make them work as much, and then make them go home and care for their entire families

  12. The Cotton Industry Britain’s Industrialization Capitalism = Competition = Innovation = Wealth = Cost of goods = Wages = Strong economy

  13. The Ball Begins to Roll • Production soars = wealth grows = population grows = demand grows • Factories born • Speed of movement required grows • Transportation grows • Canals, locomotives, steam powered engines

  14. Urbanization • Cities grow as centers of productivity • Land enclosure = increased productivity and increased labor pool • Factories hire cheap labor • Manchester, GB pop • 1750 – 17,000 • 1801 – 70,000

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